{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225590069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00468","title":"PADA: Example-based Prompt Learning for on-the-fly Adaptation to Unseen Domains","display_name":"PADA: Example-based Prompt Learning for on-the-fly Adaptation to Unseen Domains","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225590069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00468","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00468/2008061/tacl_a_00468.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00468/2008061/tacl_a_00468.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028159435","display_name":"Eyal Ben\u2010David","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-0400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eyal Ben-David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. eyalbd12@campus.technion.ac.il"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. eyalbd12@campus.technion.ac.il","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077977978","display_name":"Nadav Oved","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadav Oved","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. nadavo@campus.technion.ac.il"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. nadavo@campus.technion.ac.il","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054952724","display_name":"Roi Reichart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-0554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roi Reichart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. roiri@technion.ac.il"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. roiri@technion.ac.il","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028159435","https://openalex.org/A5054952724","https://openalex.org/A5077977978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97335601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"414","last_page":"433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8492261171340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.7450032234191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6475648880004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6464493274688721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6110241413116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5432714819908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5096561908721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.4818345308303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47488564252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.4146699011325836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39982903003692627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8492261171340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.7450032234191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6475648880004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6464493274688721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6110241413116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5432714819908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5096561908721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.4818345308303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47488564252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.4146699011325836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39982903003692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00468","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00468/2008061/tacl_a_00468.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:70df35bbb2a14d478da32b49f3c4cc9c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/70df35bbb2a14d478da32b49f3c4cc9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vol 10, Pp 414-433 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00468","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00468/2008061/tacl_a_00468.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1840435438","https://openalex.org/W2032235985","https://openalex.org/W2092012321","https://openalex.org/W2120708938","https://openalex.org/W2152148513","https://openalex.org/W2158108973","https://openalex.org/W2160660844","https://openalex.org/W2251648804","https://openalex.org/W2251732921","https://openalex.org/W2281420995","https://openalex.org/W2606014213","https://openalex.org/W2616693294","https://openalex.org/W2626207225","https://openalex.org/W2737907513","https://openalex.org/W2788557041","https://openalex.org/W2803777992","https://openalex.org/W2891691791","https://openalex.org/W2949555952","https://openalex.org/W2953217208","https://openalex.org/W2963424663","https://openalex.org/W2963463240","https://openalex.org/W2963898943","https://openalex.org/W2970789589","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2988249555","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3044438666","https://openalex.org/W3083515246","https://openalex.org/W3098267758","https://openalex.org/W3099219382","https://openalex.org/W3101294880","https://openalex.org/W3101498587","https://openalex.org/W3102449459","https://openalex.org/W3104783994","https://openalex.org/W3112486745","https://openalex.org/W3114610051","https://openalex.org/W3153427360","https://openalex.org/W3154903254","https://openalex.org/W3167602185","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W3211920512","https://openalex.org/W4205991051","https://openalex.org/W4238634189","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4288287305","https://openalex.org/W4309811444","https://openalex.org/W6600949241","https://openalex.org/W6603998084","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637618735","https://openalex.org/W6674764686","https://openalex.org/W6677052272","https://openalex.org/W6681579320","https://openalex.org/W6681836833","https://openalex.org/W6682222085","https://openalex.org/W6682492021","https://openalex.org/W6682631176","https://openalex.org/W6682815159","https://openalex.org/W6683124652","https://openalex.org/W6684149856","https://openalex.org/W6728274705","https://openalex.org/W6737236263","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6748288631","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6761205521","https://openalex.org/W6765285020","https://openalex.org/W6767297823","https://openalex.org/W6768851824","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6771898459","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6785421021","https://openalex.org/W6786798588","https://openalex.org/W6788701349","https://openalex.org/W6790003725","https://openalex.org/W6791642624","https://openalex.org/W6792279967","https://openalex.org/W6796475582","https://openalex.org/W6798057236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970530566","https://openalex.org/W2967478618","https://openalex.org/W2997152889","https://openalex.org/W4385572700","https://openalex.org/W4388335561","https://openalex.org/W4307309205","https://openalex.org/W4288261899","https://openalex.org/W4385009901","https://openalex.org/W4285141722","https://openalex.org/W4387768015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Natural":[1],"Language":[2],"Processing":[3],"algorithms":[4],"have":[5],"made":[6],"incredible":[7],"progress,":[8],"but":[9],"they":[10],"still":[11],"struggle":[12],"when":[13],"applied":[14,41],"to":[15,42,69,117,125,163],"out-of-distribution":[16],"examples.":[17],"We":[18,75],"address":[19],"a":[20,95,101,127,131,155,164,183],"challenging":[21],"and":[22,39,106,179],"underexplored":[23],"version":[24],"of":[25,134,138,146,185],"this":[26,110],"domain":[27,66],"adaptation":[28,188],"problem,":[29],"where":[30],"an":[31],"algorithm":[32,71,83],"is":[33,123,130,154],"trained":[34,124],"on":[35,89,109],"several":[36],"source":[37,148,170],"domains,":[38],"then":[40],"examples":[43],"from":[44],"unseen":[45],"domains":[46],"that":[47,129,143,158],"are":[48,67],"unknown":[49],"at":[50,72],"training":[51,73],"time.":[52,74],"Particularly,":[53],"no":[54],"examples,":[55],"labeled":[56],"or":[57,59],"unlabeled,":[58],"any":[60],"other":[61],"knowledge":[62],"about":[63],"the":[64,70,90,113,118,147,151,160,169],"target":[65],"available":[68],"present":[76],"PADA:":[77],"An":[78],"example-based":[79],"autoregressive":[80],"Prompt":[81],"learning":[82],"for":[84,104,182],"on-the-fly":[85],"Any-Domain":[86],"Adaptation,":[87],"based":[88],"T5":[91],"language":[92],"model.":[93],"Given":[94],"test":[96,161],"example,":[97],"PADA":[98,122,190],"first":[99],"generates":[100],"unique":[102,156],"prompt":[103,128,153],"it":[105],"then,":[107],"conditioned":[108],"prompt,":[111],"labels":[112],"example":[114,162],"with":[115,174],"respect":[116],"NLP":[119],"prediction":[120],"task.":[121],"generate":[126],"token":[132],"sequence":[133,180],"unrestricted":[135],"length,":[136],"consisting":[137],"Domain":[139],"Related":[140],"Features":[141],"(DRFs)":[142],"characterize":[144],"each":[145],"domains.":[149,171],"Intuitively,":[150],"generated":[152],"signature":[157],"maps":[159],"semantic":[165],"space":[166],"spanned":[167],"by":[168],"In":[172],"experiments":[173],"3":[175],"tasks":[176],"(text":[177],"classification":[178],"tagging),":[181],"total":[184],"14":[186],"multi-source":[187],"scenarios,":[189],"substantially":[191],"outperforms":[192],"strong":[193],"baselines.1":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
