{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203869270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00411","title":"Narrative Question Answering with Cutting-Edge Open-Domain QA Techniques: A Comprehensive Study","display_name":"Narrative Question Answering with Cutting-Edge Open-Domain QA Techniques: A Comprehensive Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203869270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00411","mag":"3203869270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00411","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00411/1963997/tacl_a_00411.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00411/1963997/tacl_a_00411.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059911985","display_name":"Xiangyang Mou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-8008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Mou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States. moux4@rpi.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States. moux4@rpi.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024705031","display_name":"Chenghao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4793-7864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101583277","display_name":"Mo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0949-6113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States. gflfof@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States. gflfof@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033744502","display_name":"Bingsheng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8329-4610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingsheng Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051951021","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044514249","display_name":"Saloni Potdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0607-6104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saloni Potdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064445567","display_name":"Hui Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0340-1128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute & IBM, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059911985","https://openalex.org/A5101583277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81845488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1032","last_page":"1046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8520184755325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7900898456573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6652504205703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6523432731628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6265749931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6060629487037659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.49431538581848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4924653470516205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.45850592851638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.45276889204978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40400102734565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3988220691680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07845553755760193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8520184755325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7900898456573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6652504205703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6523432731628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6265749931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6060629487037659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.49431538581848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4924653470516205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.45850592851638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.45276889204978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40400102734565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3988220691680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07845553755760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00411","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00411/1963997/tacl_a_00411.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90ab5d78adc244699c6ea23644afc966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90ab5d78adc244699c6ea23644afc966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vol 9, Pp 1032-1046 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00411","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/tacl/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/tacl_a_00411/1963997/tacl_a_00411.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482214997","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2123301721","https://openalex.org/W2144600658","https://openalex.org/W2609826708","https://openalex.org/W2729046720","https://openalex.org/W2734823783","https://openalex.org/W2788448041","https://openalex.org/W2799081691","https://openalex.org/W2889787757","https://openalex.org/W2950695840","https://openalex.org/W2951181836","https://openalex.org/W2951434086","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962985038","https://openalex.org/W2963195889","https://openalex.org/W2963323070","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963515589","https://openalex.org/W2963963993","https://openalex.org/W2964222271","https://openalex.org/W2970168256","https://openalex.org/W2970283086","https://openalex.org/W2982756572","https://openalex.org/W2994915912","https://openalex.org/W3007672467","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3035187010","https://openalex.org/W3039017601","https://openalex.org/W3045918897","https://openalex.org/W3082274269","https://openalex.org/W3085422212","https://openalex.org/W3093844431","https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W3138475137","https://openalex.org/W3153403682","https://openalex.org/W3156789018","https://openalex.org/W3171494313","https://openalex.org/W4287635694","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4294329082","https://openalex.org/W6628905179","https://openalex.org/W6678262379","https://openalex.org/W6681644459","https://openalex.org/W6682631176","https://openalex.org/W6737119325","https://openalex.org/W6740021858","https://openalex.org/W6740558922","https://openalex.org/W6745819962","https://openalex.org/W6749101747","https://openalex.org/W6751226439","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6762832483","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6770982027","https://openalex.org/W6774222543","https://openalex.org/W6779985061","https://openalex.org/W6780697754","https://openalex.org/W6782843240","https://openalex.org/W6784893801","https://openalex.org/W6792126258","https://openalex.org/W6898505805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384605597","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2387743295","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W4230315250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Recent":[1],"advancements":[2],"in":[3,28,101],"open-domain":[4,14],"question":[5],"answering":[6],"(ODQA),":[7],"that":[8,110],"is,":[9],"finding":[10],"answers":[11],"from":[12],"large":[13],"corpus":[15],"like":[16],"Wikipedia,":[17],"have":[18],"led":[19],"to":[20,41,125],"human-level":[21],"performance":[22],"on":[23,62,92],"many":[24],"datasets.":[25],"However,":[26],"progress":[27],"QA":[29,78,103,123],"over":[30],"book":[31],"stories":[32],"(Book":[33],"QA)":[34],"lags":[35],"despite":[36],"its":[37],"similar":[38],"task":[39],"formulation":[40],"ODQA.":[42],"This":[43,73],"work":[44],"provides":[45],"a":[46,88],"comprehensive":[47],"and":[48],"quantitative":[49],"analysis":[50],"about":[51],"the":[52,60,63,75,84,98,111,119],"difficulty":[53],"of":[54,121],"Book":[55,77,102],"QA:":[56],"(1)":[57],"We":[58,95],"benchmark":[59],"research":[61],"NarrativeQA":[64],"dataset":[65],"with":[66,69,87],"extensive":[67],"experiments":[68],"cutting-edge":[70],"ODQA":[71],"techniques.":[72],"quantifies":[74],"challenges":[76,100],"poses,":[79],"as":[80,82],"well":[81],"advances":[83],"published":[85],"state-of-the-art":[86],"\u223c7%":[89],"absolute":[90],"improvement":[91],"ROUGE-L.":[93],"(2)":[94],"further":[96],"analyze":[97],"detailed":[99],"through":[104],"human":[105],"studies.1":[106],"Our":[107],"findings":[108],"indicate":[109],"event-centric":[112],"questions":[113],"dominate":[114],"this":[115],"task,":[116],"which":[117],"exemplifies":[118],"inability":[120],"existing":[122],"models":[124],"handle":[126],"event-oriented":[127],"scenarios.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}