{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1798948293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","title":"From Visual Attributes to Adjectives through Decompositional Distributional Semantics","display_name":"From Visual Attributes to Adjectives through Decompositional Distributional Semantics","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1798948293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","mag":"1798948293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042659302","display_name":"Angeliki Lazaridou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-474X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angeliki Lazaridou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,","University of Trento"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090357305","display_name":"Georgiana Dinu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgiana Dinu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,","University of Trento"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049464639","display_name":"Adam Liska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-744X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Liska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,","University of Trento"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038612405","display_name":"Marco Baroni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5066-3580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Baroni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,","University of Trento"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3744,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67375468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"183","last_page":"196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjective","display_name":"Adjective","score":0.7886731624603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7640522718429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.7408412098884583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6921268701553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6704176068305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6636176109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6574707627296448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5907448530197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.54056316614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun-phrase","display_name":"Noun phrase","score":0.4584304094314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.4298853278160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3270217478275299}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777683214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34698","display_name":"Adjective","level":3,"score":0.7886731624603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7640522718429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.7408412098884583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6921268701553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6704176068305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6636176109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6574707627296448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5907448530197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.54056316614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153962237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401131","display_name":"Noun phrase","level":3,"score":0.4584304094314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.4298853278160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3270217478275299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1501.02714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.02714","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1501.02714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1798948293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1501.02714.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c455d6e7606742e3901d1e99f64f4b5b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c455d6e7606742e3901d1e99f64f4b5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vol 3 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1501.02714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1501.02714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1798948293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1798948293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8316075","https://openalex.org/W68733909","https://openalex.org/W92662927","https://openalex.org/W1528802670","https://openalex.org/W1603710063","https://openalex.org/W1662133657","https://openalex.org/W1670526751","https://openalex.org/W1897761818","https://openalex.org/W2025341678","https://openalex.org/W2032699694","https://openalex.org/W2049705550","https://openalex.org/W2054690340","https://openalex.org/W2066134726","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2097132703","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2100235303","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109664771","https://openalex.org/W2112184938","https://openalex.org/W2123024445","https://openalex.org/W2125560515","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2134270519","https://openalex.org/W2135166986","https://openalex.org/W2151222319","https://openalex.org/W2152444902","https://openalex.org/W2155803963","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2251041941","https://openalex.org/W2251676919","https://openalex.org/W2252238675","https://openalex.org/W2950276680","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2953276893","https://openalex.org/W3118608800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963813556","https://openalex.org/W2170340596","https://openalex.org/W2755520088","https://openalex.org/W2395466058","https://openalex.org/W2743507428","https://openalex.org/W2143198623","https://openalex.org/W2078115833","https://openalex.org/W89332836","https://openalex.org/W2401192600","https://openalex.org/W3103651098","https://openalex.org/W2745526283","https://openalex.org/W1998442272","https://openalex.org/W1565863475","https://openalex.org/W2912470914","https://openalex.org/W1514942345","https://openalex.org/W2760656854","https://openalex.org/W130606672","https://openalex.org/W2981587852","https://openalex.org/W2955259794","https://openalex.org/W602773468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"automated":[1],"image":[2],"analysis":[3],"progresses,":[4],"there":[5],"is":[6,52,94,132,137],"increasing":[7],"interest":[8],"in":[9,127,184,200],"richer":[10],"linguistic":[11,38,158],"annotation":[12,68],"of":[13,17,40,85,108],"pictures,":[14],"with":[15,57],"attributes":[16,41,118,124],"objects":[18,79,109,122],"(e.g.,":[19],"furry,":[20,96],"brown\u2026)":[21],"attracting":[22],"most":[23],"attention.":[24],"By":[25],"building":[26],"on":[27,74],"the":[28,37,66],"recent":[29],"\u201czero-shot":[30],"learning\u201d":[31],"approach,":[32],"and":[33,45,99,123,135,155,164,187,190],"paying":[34],"attention":[35],"to":[36,54,104,110,116,119,172],"nature":[39],"as":[42,83,89,152],"noun":[43],"modifiers,":[44],"specifically":[46],"adjectives,":[47],"we":[48],"show":[49],"that":[50,196],"it":[51,136,179,191],"possible":[53],"tag":[55],"images":[56,151],"attribute-denoting":[58,162],"adjectives":[59],"even":[60],"when":[61],"no":[62],"training":[63],"data":[64],"containing":[65],"relevant":[67],"are":[69],"available.":[70],"Our":[71,168],"approach":[72,169],"relies":[73],"two":[75],"key":[76],"observations.":[77],"First,":[78],"can":[80,113,140],"be":[81],"seen":[82],"bundles":[84],"attributes,":[86],"typically":[87],"expressed":[88],"adjectival":[90],"modifiers":[91],"(a":[92],"dog":[93,134],"something":[95],"brown,":[97],"etc.),":[98],"thus":[100,141],"a":[101,133,173],"function":[102],"trained":[103],"map":[105,117],"visual":[106],"representations":[107,195],"nominal":[111],"labels":[112],"implicitly":[114],"learn":[115],"adjectives.":[120],"Second,":[121],"come":[125],"together":[126],"pictures":[128],"(the":[129],"same":[130],"thing":[131],"brown).":[138],"We":[139],"achieve":[142],"better":[143],"attribute":[144,177,186],"(and":[145],"object)":[146],"label":[147],"retrieval":[148],"by":[149],"treating":[150],"\u201cvisual":[153],"phrases\u201d,":[154],"decomposing":[156],"their":[157],"representation":[159],"into":[160],"an":[161,165],"adjective":[163],"object-denoting":[166],"noun.":[167],"performs":[170],"comparably":[171],"method":[174],"exploiting":[175],"manual":[176],"annotation,":[178,189],"out-performs":[180],"various":[181],"competitive":[182],"alternatives":[183],"both":[185],"object":[188,202],"automatically":[192],"constructs":[193],"attribute-centric":[194],"significantly":[197],"improve":[198],"performance":[199],"supervised":[201],"recognition.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}