{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2728982475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","title":"Head-Lexicalized Bidirectional Tree LSTMs","display_name":"Head-Lexicalized Bidirectional Tree LSTMs","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2728982475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","mag":"2728982475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012543243","display_name":"Zhiyang Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-6897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyang Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333729","display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-2268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012543243","https://openalex.org/A5100333729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6805,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95867238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"163","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9207298755645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treebank","display_name":"Treebank","score":0.8285883665084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicalization","display_name":"Lexicalization","score":0.7773508429527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.7047621011734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6495710015296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.646330714225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.577786922454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5721200704574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5518214106559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5244881510734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.522689700126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.15630751848220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1436465084552765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.09329861402511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.05751451849937439}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9207298755645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206134035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811525","display_name":"Treebank","level":3,"score":0.8285883665084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777532361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q687185","display_name":"Lexicalization","level":2,"score":0.7773508429527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.7047621011734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6495710015296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.646330714225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.577786922454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5721200704574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5518214106559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5244881510734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.522689700126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.15630751848220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1436465084552765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.09329861402511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.05751451849937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a80b1e5ee384511b54f21927e490b16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a80b1e5ee384511b54f21927e490b16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vol 5 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00053","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2728982475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2728982475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W1423339008","https://openalex.org/W1535015163","https://openalex.org/W1689711448","https://openalex.org/W1816079941","https://openalex.org/W1879966306","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W2005708641","https://openalex.org/W2052816566","https://openalex.org/W2061495585","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2070246124","https://openalex.org/W2092654472","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097606805","https://openalex.org/W2100649405","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2112628236","https://openalex.org/W2116983617","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2133280805","https://openalex.org/W2149660837","https://openalex.org/W2250877157","https://openalex.org/W2251628756","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2284289336","https://openalex.org/W2554915555","https://openalex.org/W2564486991","https://openalex.org/W2567406479","https://openalex.org/W2949888546","https://openalex.org/W2949952998","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2950898568","https://openalex.org/W2953250761","https://openalex.org/W2953391617","https://openalex.org/W2960930698","https://openalex.org/W2962965465","https://openalex.org/W2963069010","https://openalex.org/W2963073938","https://openalex.org/W2963355447","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964167098","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2964289395","https://openalex.org/W2964308564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3142119062","https://openalex.org/W131522978","https://openalex.org/W159209093","https://openalex.org/W589103562","https://openalex.org/W1991220724","https://openalex.org/W2251234095","https://openalex.org/W1584435731","https://openalex.org/W2549259847","https://openalex.org/W2579166072","https://openalex.org/W4214784754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sequential":[0],"LSTMs":[1,97],"have":[2],"been":[3],"extended":[4],"to":[5,48,73,94],"model":[6,19,113],"tree":[7,86,109],"structures,":[8],"giving":[9],"competitive":[10,125],"results":[11,117,126],"for":[12,36,51,61,64],"a":[13,59,85],"number":[14],"of":[15,25,31,108],"tasks.":[16],"Existing":[17],"methods":[18],"constituent":[20,26,75],"trees":[21],"by":[22,80],"bottom-up":[23],"combinations":[24],"nodes,":[27],"making":[28],"direct":[29],"use":[30],"input":[32,49],"word":[33],"information":[34],"only":[35],"leaf":[37,71],"nodes.":[38],"This":[39],"is":[40],"different":[41],"from":[42,70],"sequential":[43,96],"LSTMs,":[44,66],"which":[45,92],"contain":[46],"references":[47],"words":[50,69],"each":[52],"node.":[53,76],"In":[54,77],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,83],"propose":[58],"method":[60],"automatic":[62],"head-lexicalization":[63],"tree-structure":[65],"propagating":[67],"head":[68,81],"nodes":[72],"every":[74],"addition,":[78],"enabled":[79],"lexicalization,":[82],"build":[84],"LSTM":[87],"in":[88,98],"the":[89,115,119,128],"top-down":[90],"direction,":[91],"corresponds":[93],"bidirectional":[95],"structure.":[99],"Experiments":[100],"show":[101],"that":[102],"both":[103],"extensions":[104],"give":[105],"better":[106],"representations":[107],"structures.":[110],"Our":[111],"final":[112],"gives":[114],"best":[116],"on":[118,127],"Stanford":[120],"Sentiment":[121],"Treebank":[122],"and":[123],"highly":[124],"TREC":[129],"question":[130],"type":[131],"classification":[132],"task.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}