{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963020213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","title":"Cross-Sentence <i>N</i>-ary Relation Extraction with Graph LSTMs","display_name":"Cross-Sentence <i>N</i>-ary Relation Extraction with Graph LSTMs","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963020213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","mag":"2963020213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030248499","display_name":"Nanyun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-6595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nanyun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Language and Speech Processing, Computer Science Department,                         Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,","Center for Language and Speech Processing, Computer Science Department,\n Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Language and Speech Processing, Computer Science Department,                         Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Language and Speech Processing, Computer Science Department,\n Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019494985","display_name":"Hoifung Poon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hoifung Poon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055734248","display_name":"Chris Quirk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris Quirk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053947885","display_name":"Kristina Toutanova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Toutanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Seattle, WA, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Seattle, WA, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066873932","display_name":"Wen-tau Yih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen-tau Yih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019494985","https://openalex.org/A5030248499","https://openalex.org/A5053947885","https://openalex.org/A5055734248","https://openalex.org/A5066873932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":41.4035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":458,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99801378,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"101","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8466106653213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-extraction","display_name":"Relationship extraction","score":0.7976796627044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7227904200553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6680261492729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6177101731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-relation","display_name":"Binary relation","score":0.5894622802734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5516395568847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.512036144733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.48247030377388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.41482752561569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4133966565132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.3083322048187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.21710628271102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1471886932849884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8466106653213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153604712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310755","display_name":"Relationship extraction","level":3,"score":0.7976796627044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7227904200553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6680261492729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6177101731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65180967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130901","display_name":"Binary relation","level":2,"score":0.5894622802734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5516395568847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.512036144733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.48247030377388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.41482752561569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4133966565132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.3083322048187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.21710628271102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1471886932849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2939dd6fe90449c5ae41b6eceb7dbc0c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2939dd6fe90449c5ae41b6eceb7dbc0c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vol 5 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963020213.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963020213.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508977358","https://openalex.org/W1543515964","https://openalex.org/W1551842868","https://openalex.org/W1815076433","https://openalex.org/W1889268436","https://openalex.org/W1933365859","https://openalex.org/W1933502375","https://openalex.org/W1954715867","https://openalex.org/W1984179398","https://openalex.org/W2010604520","https://openalex.org/W2030408698","https://openalex.org/W2032566933","https://openalex.org/W2044520606","https://openalex.org/W2053238041","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2107598941","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2108475224","https://openalex.org/W2108788053","https://openalex.org/W2115792525","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2136502946","https://openalex.org/W2138627627","https://openalex.org/W2140636749","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2149997683","https://openalex.org/W2150131767","https://openalex.org/W2155454737","https://openalex.org/W2156876426","https://openalex.org/W2158847908","https://openalex.org/W2163362093","https://openalex.org/W2165935464","https://openalex.org/W2167179525","https://openalex.org/W2250201115","https://openalex.org/W2250521169","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250726251","https://openalex.org/W2251135946","https://openalex.org/W2251775380","https://openalex.org/W2252154718","https://openalex.org/W2293023260","https://openalex.org/W2309415944","https://openalex.org/W2384495648","https://openalex.org/W2397198482","https://openalex.org/W2511964075","https://openalex.org/W2513378248","https://openalex.org/W2914746235","https://openalex.org/W2950898568","https://openalex.org/W2963338481","https://openalex.org/W2963355447","https://openalex.org/W2963566826","https://openalex.org/W2964087600","https://openalex.org/W2964167098","https://openalex.org/W2964193968","https://openalex.org/W2964217331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2805262146","https://openalex.org/W3112721818","https://openalex.org/W4287555509","https://openalex.org/W4379517534","https://openalex.org/W2352298027","https://openalex.org/W4319940250","https://openalex.org/W3184332397","https://openalex.org/W842810586","https://openalex.org/W2092919065","https://openalex.org/W4385572597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Past":[0],"work":[1],"in":[2,10,16,22,126],"relation":[3,42,62,105],"extraction":[4,43,144,154,172],"has":[5],"focused":[6],"on":[7,46,171],"binary":[8],"relations":[9,30,111],"single":[11],"sentences.":[12,34],"Recent":[13],"NLP":[14],"inroads":[15],"high-value":[17],"domains":[18],"have":[19],"sparked":[20],"interest":[21],"the":[23,97,104,166],"more":[24],"general":[25,41],"setting":[26],"of":[27,71,110,159,168],"extracting":[28],"n-ary":[29,61],"that":[31,54],"span":[32],"multiple":[33],"In":[35],"this":[36,124],"paper,":[37],"we":[38],"explore":[39],"a":[40,68],"framework":[44,125],"based":[45],"graph":[47,65],"long":[48],"short-term":[49],"memory":[50],"networks":[51],"(graph":[52],"LSTMs)":[53],"can":[55],"be":[56],"easily":[57],"extended":[58],"to":[59,103],"cross-sentence":[60],"extraction.":[63],"The":[64],"formulation":[66],"provides":[67],"unified":[69],"way":[70],"exploring":[72],"different":[73],"LSTM":[74,161],"approaches":[75,162],"and":[76,80,87,115,140,149],"incorporating":[77],"various":[78,160],"intra-sentential":[79],"inter-sentential":[81],"dependencies,":[82],"such":[83],"as":[84,101],"sequential,":[85],"syntactic,":[86],"discourse":[88],"relations.":[89,121],"A":[90,156],"robust":[91],"contextual":[92],"representation":[93],"is":[94],"learned":[95],"for":[96],"entities,":[98],"which":[99],"serves":[100],"input":[102],"classifier.":[106],"This":[107],"simplifies":[108],"handling":[109],"with":[112,119,135],"arbitrary":[113],"arity,":[114],"enables":[116],"multi-task":[117,150],"learning":[118,139,151],"related":[120],"We":[122],"evaluate":[123],"two":[127],"important":[128],"precision":[129],"medicine":[130],"settings,":[131],"demonstrating":[132],"its":[133],"effectiveness":[134],"both":[136],"conventional":[137],"supervised":[138],"distant":[141],"supervision.":[142],"Cross-sentence":[143],"produced":[145],"larger":[146],"knowledge":[147],"bases.":[148],"significantly":[152],"improved":[153],"accuracy.":[155,173],"thorough":[157],"analysis":[158,170],"yielded":[163],"useful":[164],"insight":[165],"impact":[167],"linguistic":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}