{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2788695823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","title":"Event Time Extraction with a Decision Tree of Neural Classifiers","display_name":"Event Time Extraction with a Decision Tree of Neural Classifiers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2788695823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","mag":"2788695823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110592354","display_name":"Nils Reimers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nils Reimers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab (UKP) and Research Training Group AIPHES, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab (UKP) and Research Training Group AIPHES, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004834357","display_name":"Nazanin Dehghani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazanin Dehghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027450194","display_name":"Iryna Gurevych","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-7621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iryna Gurevych","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab (UKP) and Research Training Group AIPHES, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab (UKP) and Research Training Group AIPHES, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110592354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3684,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91044522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"77","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8818066120147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeline","display_name":"Timeline","score":0.8046379089355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6628501415252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.6535385847091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5955216884613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5522980093955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semeval","display_name":"SemEval","score":0.5077925324440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.47639504075050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47305575013160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.46146729588508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.44573286175727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.44374048709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43039023876190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.10075128078460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07534515857696533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8818066120147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4438859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186117","display_name":"Timeline","level":2,"score":0.8046379089355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6628501415252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.6535385847091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5955216884613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5522980093955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44572571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448970","display_name":"SemEval","level":3,"score":0.5077925324440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.47639504075050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47305575013160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.46146729588508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.44573286175727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44374048709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43039023876190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.10075128078460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07534515857696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aae5a6f9a54345d3a0dcde54c59dd76d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aae5a6f9a54345d3a0dcde54c59dd76d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vol 6 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:97913","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/97913/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/tacl_a_00006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3424576390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GRK 1994","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G481299621","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GRK 1994/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323384","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2788695823.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2788695823.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169539560","https://openalex.org/W1619424147","https://openalex.org/W2052762201","https://openalex.org/W2065659988","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2098844768","https://openalex.org/W2115678331","https://openalex.org/W2141539902","https://openalex.org/W2150741878","https://openalex.org/W2153222072","https://openalex.org/W2155454737","https://openalex.org/W2157275230","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2185599447","https://openalex.org/W2250521169","https://openalex.org/W2251325107","https://openalex.org/W2251585411","https://openalex.org/W2509285521","https://openalex.org/W2563428360","https://openalex.org/W2963940534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128514324","https://openalex.org/W3186948874","https://openalex.org/W3116646283","https://openalex.org/W3114100246","https://openalex.org/W2396591828","https://openalex.org/W2964177319","https://openalex.org/W3082447286","https://openalex.org/W1470425429","https://openalex.org/W4297408405","https://openalex.org/W4287854812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extracting":[0],"the":[1,31,41,62,70,109,112,150,165,185],"information":[2,34,68],"from":[3,69],"text":[4],"when":[5],"an":[6,36,104,120,126,142,175],"event":[7,37,105],"happened":[8],"is":[9,38,61,189],"challenging.":[10],"Documents":[11],"do":[12],"not":[13],"only":[14],"report":[15],"on":[16,21,27,111,169],"current":[17],"events,":[18],"but":[19],"also":[20],"past":[22],"events":[23,54,133],"as":[24,26],"well":[25],"future":[28],"events.":[29],"Often,":[30],"relevant":[32],"time":[33,102],"for":[35],"scattered":[39],"across":[40],"document.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44,91,162],"paper":[45],"we":[46,140,160],"present":[47],"a":[48,77,97,137],"novel":[49],"method":[50],"to":[51,93,125,149,164,184],"automatically":[52],"anchor":[53],"in":[55,96],"time.":[56],"To":[57],"our":[58],"knowledge":[59],"it":[60],"first":[63],"approach":[64,110],"that":[65,80,134],"takes":[66],"temporal":[67],"complete":[71],"document":[72],"into":[73],"account.":[74],"We":[75,89,107],"created":[76],"decision":[78],"tree":[79,92],"applies":[81],"neural":[82],"network":[83],"based":[84],"classifiers":[85],"at":[86,100],"its":[87],"nodes.":[88],"use":[90],"incrementally":[94],"infer,":[95],"stepwise":[98],"manner,":[99],"which":[101],"frame":[103],"happened.":[106],"evaluate":[108],"TimeBank-EventTime":[113],"Corpus":[114],"(Reimers":[115],"et":[116,155],"al.,":[117,156],"2016)":[118],"achieving":[119],"accuracy":[121,143],"of":[122,130,145,177],"42.0%":[123],"compared":[124,148,183],"inter-annotator":[127],"agreement":[128],"(IAA)":[129],"56.7%.":[131],"For":[132],"span":[135],"over":[136],"single":[138],"day":[139],"observe":[141],"improvement":[144,176],"33.1":[146],"points":[147,179],"state-of-the-art":[151],"CAEVO":[152],"system":[153],"(Chambers":[154],"2014).":[157],"Without":[158],"retraining,":[159],"apply":[161],"model":[163],"SemEval-2015":[166],"Task":[167],"4":[168],"automatic":[170],"timeline":[171],"generation":[172],"and":[173],"achieve":[174],"4.01":[178],"F":[180],"1":[181],"-score":[182],"state-of-the-art.":[186],"Our":[187],"code":[188],"publically":[190],"available.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}