{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2734458248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00004","title":"Representation Learning for Grounded Spatial Reasoning","display_name":"Representation Learning for Grounded Spatial Reasoning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2734458248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00004","mag":"2734458248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00004","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109460873","display_name":"Michael J\u00e4nner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Janner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025205227","display_name":"Karthik Narasimhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Narasimhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010124873","display_name":"Regina Barzilay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Regina Barzilay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010124873","https://openalex.org/A5025205227","https://openalex.org/A5109460873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4985,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95258803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8627927303314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7274527549743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7198123335838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6730588674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6522152423858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5681350231170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-intelligence","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","score":0.5675249099731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.534744918346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41228818893432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3843246102333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3287743926048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08779358863830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08509337902069092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8627927303314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7274527549743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7198123335838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6730588674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6522152423858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5681350231170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5675249099731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.534744918346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41228818893432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3843246102333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3287743926048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08779358863830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08509337902069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41467e0a664c4cfe86d7b334d4e22172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41467e0a664c4cfe86d7b334d4e22172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vol 6 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2729999759","display_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"2307-387X","issn":["2307-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W567721252","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1602500555","https://openalex.org/W1991605728","https://openalex.org/W2024271606","https://openalex.org/W2029806546","https://openalex.org/W2040145958","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2069809153","https://openalex.org/W2104238610","https://openalex.org/W2107537133","https://openalex.org/W2111526438","https://openalex.org/W2124175081","https://openalex.org/W2138455848","https://openalex.org/W2141708418","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2147727123","https://openalex.org/W2157104268","https://openalex.org/W2189089430","https://openalex.org/W2236233024","https://openalex.org/W2256970469","https://openalex.org/W2296721894","https://openalex.org/W2341171179","https://openalex.org/W2467589492","https://openalex.org/W2963367210","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W4236539443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W3183204001","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W4390922876","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2112464467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36,83],"interpretation":[1],"of":[2,21,42,55,79],"spatial":[3,22],"references":[4,65],"is":[5],"highly":[6],"contextual,":[7],"requiring":[8],"joint":[9],"inference":[10],"over":[11],"both":[12],"language":[13],"and":[14,33],"the":[15,19,43,67],"environment.":[16],"We":[17,69],"consider":[18],"task":[20],"reasoning":[23],"in":[24,66,95],"a":[25,40,77,92],"simulated":[26],"environment,":[27],"where":[28],"an":[29],"agent":[30],"can":[31],"act":[32],"receive":[34],"rewards.":[35],"proposed":[37],"model":[38,72,84],"learns":[39],"representation":[41],"world":[44],"steered":[45],"by":[46],"instruction":[47],"text.":[48],"This":[49],"design":[50],"allows":[51],"for":[52],"precise":[53],"alignment":[54],"local":[56],"neighborhoods":[57],"with":[58,73],"corresponding":[59],"verbalizations,":[60],"while":[61],"also":[62],"handling":[63],"global":[64],"instructions.":[68],"train":[70],"our":[71],"reinforcement":[74],"learning":[75],"using":[76],"variant":[78],"generalized":[80],"value":[81],"iteration.":[82],"outperforms":[85],"state-of-the-art":[86],"approaches":[87],"on":[88],"several":[89],"metrics,":[90],"yielding":[91],"45%":[93],"reduction":[94],"goal":[96],"localization":[97],"error.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}