{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295980635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00208","title":"A converging global research system","display_name":"A converging global research system","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295980635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00208","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/qss_a_00208/2052973/qss_a_00208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/qss_a_00208/2052973/qss_a_00208.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089205370","display_name":"Jonathan Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-4431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Scientific Information, Clarivate Analytics, London, UK","Policy Institute, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-4431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Scientific Information, Clarivate Analytics, London, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Policy Institute, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024279638","display_name":"Martin Szomszor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-3527"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Szomszor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Data Solutions Ltd., London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-3527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Data Solutions Ltd., London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":1.484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84415412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"715","last_page":"731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.6438767910003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.6428755521774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-impact","display_name":"Citation impact","score":0.5746290683746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.48852312564849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.47364699840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientometrics","display_name":"Scientometrics","score":0.4691803753376007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-evenness","display_name":"Species evenness","score":0.4275187849998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.42350322008132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.4178592264652252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.3384908437728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.27856606245040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2732102870941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.1933463215827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1499764323234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.10206729173660278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.6438767910003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6428755521774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778793908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5122404","display_name":"Citation impact","level":3,"score":0.5746290683746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.48852312564849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.47364699840545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525823164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472342","display_name":"Scientometrics","level":2,"score":0.4691803753376007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127937792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256069","display_name":"Species evenness","level":3,"score":0.4275187849998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42350322008132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4178592264652252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3384908437728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27856606245040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2732102870941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1933463215827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1499764323234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.10206729173660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00208","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/qss_a_00208/2052973/qss_a_00208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1419f483b3bc4ae3b7d3de7f799a0bbb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1419f483b3bc4ae3b7d3de7f799a0bbb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies, Vol 3, Iss 3 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00208","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/qss_a_00208/2052973/qss_a_00208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1029599486","https://openalex.org/W1546171873","https://openalex.org/W1949140393","https://openalex.org/W1964920419","https://openalex.org/W1968963246","https://openalex.org/W1973532288","https://openalex.org/W2015415650","https://openalex.org/W2023819028","https://openalex.org/W2069656088","https://openalex.org/W2088209891","https://openalex.org/W2099032912","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2164534115","https://openalex.org/W2563924837","https://openalex.org/W2789082759","https://openalex.org/W3035657855","https://openalex.org/W3041640521","https://openalex.org/W4211211972","https://openalex.org/W4240833933","https://openalex.org/W4252541056","https://openalex.org/W4300313809","https://openalex.org/W6748557456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209339575","https://openalex.org/W2051124169","https://openalex.org/W1577303681","https://openalex.org/W2162131147","https://openalex.org/W2188324000","https://openalex.org/W2339823637","https://openalex.org/W3159570287","https://openalex.org/W2612545723","https://openalex.org/W3183463158","https://openalex.org/W2137176107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,23,56,179],"examine":[2,24],"the":[3,42,59,71,80,85,116,124,146,182],"hypothesis":[4],"that":[5,58,75,181],"research":[6,12,21,25,96,173,177],"collaboration":[7,69],"has":[8],"enabled":[9],"a":[10,92,105,155,190],"global":[11,186],"network":[13,187],"to":[14],"evolve,":[15],"with":[16,67,79,99],"self-organizing":[17],"properties":[18],"transcending":[19],"national":[20,62],"policy.":[22],"output,":[26],"bilateral":[27,68],"and":[28,33,44,49,136,164],"multilateral":[29,77],"collaboration,":[30],"subject":[31,97],"diversity,":[32,98],"citation":[34,132],"impact":[35,133,141,144],"over":[36],"40":[37],"years,":[38],"in":[39,50,61,95,122,162,171,196],"detail":[40],"for":[41,52,109],"G7":[43,125],"BRICK":[45],"groups":[46,137],"of":[47,145,193],"countries":[48,126,168],"summary":[51],"26":[53],"other":[54],"nations.":[55],"find":[57],"rise":[60],"output":[63],"was":[64,91],"strongly":[65],"associated":[66],"until":[70],"2000s":[72],"but":[73],"after":[74],"by":[76],"partnerships,":[78],"shift":[81],"happening":[82],"at":[83],"much":[84],"same":[86,117],"time":[87],"across":[88,101,167],"countries.":[89,111],"There":[90],"general":[93],"increase":[94],"evenness":[100],"subjects":[102],"converging":[103],"on":[104,139],"similar":[106,140],"index":[107],"value":[108],"many":[110],"Similar":[112],"diversity":[113],"is":[114,149,154,189],"not":[115],"as":[118,176],"actual":[119],"similarity":[120],"but,":[121],"fact,":[123],"became":[127],"increasingly":[128],"similar.":[129],"National":[130],"average":[131],"(CNCI)":[134],"rose":[135],"converged":[138],"values.":[142],"The":[143,160],"largest":[147],"economies":[148],"above":[150],"world":[151],"average,":[152],"which":[153],"phenomenon":[156],"we":[157],"discuss":[158],"separately.":[159],"similarities":[161],"patterns":[163],"timing":[165],"occur":[166],"despite":[169],"variance":[170],"their":[172],"policies,":[174],"such":[175],"assessment.":[178],"suggest":[180],"key":[183],"agent":[184],"facilitating":[185],"self-organization":[188],"shared":[191],"concept":[192],"best":[194],"practice":[195],"research.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}