{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121088567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00109","title":"A multidimensional framework for characterizing the citation impact of scientific publications","display_name":"A multidimensional framework for characterizing the citation impact of scientific publications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121088567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00109","mag":"3121088567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00109","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/2/1/155/1906510/qss_a_00109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/2/1/155/1906510/qss_a_00109.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002577378","display_name":"Yi Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-4580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing, China","Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing,\n China","Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, Luddy School of\n Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,\n USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-4580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing,\n China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, Luddy School of\n Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,\n USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027467000","display_name":"Ludo Waltman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-1752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludo Waltman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands","Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The\n Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-1752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The\n Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101440471","display_name":"Yong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5953-6908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei,\n China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5953-6908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei,\n China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002577378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210119109"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":3.4798,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"155","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.8100274801254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.6713860034942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientometrics","display_name":"Scientometrics","score":0.5792242288589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-impact","display_name":"Citation impact","score":0.5788504481315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5636005401611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5244265198707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-analysis","display_name":"Citation analysis","score":0.5058931708335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.48870089650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bibliometrics","display_name":"Bibliometrics","score":0.4489915072917938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-factor","display_name":"Impact factor","score":0.44561082124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-literature","display_name":"Scientific literature","score":0.4445395767688751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.44426313042640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3471754193305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.2507129907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1908571422100067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.15255120396614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1434328854084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07221180200576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06764653325080872}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.8100274801254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.6713860034942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525823164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472342","display_name":"Scientometrics","level":2,"score":0.5792242288589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778793908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5122404","display_name":"Citation impact","level":3,"score":0.5788504481315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5636005401611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5244265198707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.5058931708335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48870089650154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178315738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603441","display_name":"Bibliometrics","level":2,"score":0.4489915072917938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5330","display_name":"Impact factor","level":2,"score":0.44561082124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific literature","level":2,"score":0.4445395767688751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.44426313042640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3471754193305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.2507129907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1908571422100067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.15255120396614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1434328854084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07221180200576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06764653325080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00109","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/2/1/155/1906510/qss_a_00109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d1aa3a5f5bb45a9a9d3db38ef800e36","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d1aa3a5f5bb45a9a9d3db38ef800e36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 155-183 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00109","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/2/1/155/1906510/qss_a_00109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8591549921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71904081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121088567.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121088567.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W767067438","https://openalex.org/W985847679","https://openalex.org/W1502183989","https://openalex.org/W1539510218","https://openalex.org/W1799284535","https://openalex.org/W1992037052","https://openalex.org/W2005706022","https://openalex.org/W2045474314","https://openalex.org/W2074434517","https://openalex.org/W2079432766","https://openalex.org/W2080524170","https://openalex.org/W2086202982","https://openalex.org/W2120109270","https://openalex.org/W2125810311","https://openalex.org/W2126566678","https://openalex.org/W2128438887","https://openalex.org/W2133928412","https://openalex.org/W2150220236","https://openalex.org/W2151866568","https://openalex.org/W2303284028","https://openalex.org/W2899856931","https://openalex.org/W2913773162","https://openalex.org/W2924476770","https://openalex.org/W2943912266","https://openalex.org/W2944357344","https://openalex.org/W2969049331","https://openalex.org/W2986257978","https://openalex.org/W2989579227","https://openalex.org/W2990160624","https://openalex.org/W3011163443","https://openalex.org/W3014922476","https://openalex.org/W3032461567","https://openalex.org/W3080894923","https://openalex.org/W3103894912","https://openalex.org/W3121088567","https://openalex.org/W3121315213","https://openalex.org/W6648535265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019021555","https://openalex.org/W3209339575","https://openalex.org/W2051124169","https://openalex.org/W1577303681","https://openalex.org/W2259741028","https://openalex.org/W2358089480","https://openalex.org/W3104719570","https://openalex.org/W2162131147","https://openalex.org/W2952981920","https://openalex.org/W2339823637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,67,162],"citation":[2,23,34,62,77,92,128,138,164,174],"impact":[3,24,63,129,139,165,175],"of":[4,25,33,40,60,64,99,140,160,172,176],"a":[5,12,17,26,44,65,75,81,90,96,104,119,152,168,177,180],"scientific":[6,122,146],"publication":[7,178],"is":[8],"usually":[9],"seen":[10],"as":[11],"one-dimensional":[13,182],"concept.":[14],"We":[15,124],"introduce":[16],"multidimensional":[18,127],"framework":[19,69,130,166],"for":[20],"characterizing":[21],"the":[22,31,38,51,56,61,137,158,173],"publication.":[27,66],"In":[28,148],"addition":[29],"to":[30,131],"level":[32],"impact,":[35,78,93],"quantified":[36],"by":[37,43],"number":[39],"citations":[41],"received":[42],"publication,":[45],"we":[46,150],"also":[47,102],"conceptualize":[48],"and":[49,53,55,58,86,115],"operationalize":[50],"depth":[52],"breadth":[54],"dependence":[57],"independence":[59],"proposed":[68,163],"distinguishes":[70],"between":[71,106],"publications":[72,87,107,116,143],"that":[73,88,108,117],"have":[74,89],"deep":[76],"typically":[79],"in":[80,144],"relatively":[82],"narrow":[83],"research":[84],"area,":[85],"broad":[91],"probably":[94],"covering":[95],"wider":[97],"area":[98],"research.":[100],"It":[101],"makes":[103],"distinction":[105],"are":[109],"strongly":[110],"dependent":[111],"on":[112,136,157],"earlier":[113],"work":[114],"make":[118],"more":[120,169],"independent":[121],"contribution.":[123],"use":[125],"our":[126],"report":[132],"basic":[133],"descriptive":[134],"statistics":[135],"highly":[141],"cited":[142],"all":[145],"disciplines.":[147],"addition,":[149],"present":[151],"detailed":[153],"case":[154],"study":[155],"focusing":[156],"field":[159],"scientometrics.":[161],"provides":[167],"in-depth":[170],"understanding":[171],"than":[179],"traditional":[181],"perspective.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}