{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3038049124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00064","title":"The impact of J. D. Bernal\u2019s thoughts in the science of science upon China: Implications for today\u2019s quantitative studies of science","display_name":"The impact of J. D. Bernal\u2019s thoughts in the science of science upon China: Implications for today\u2019s quantitative studies of science","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3038049124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00064","mag":"3038049124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00064","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/1/3/959/1869920/qss_a_00064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/1/3/959/1869920/qss_a_00064.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003214441","display_name":"Yong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-8178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-8178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7621-9995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7621-9995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101866997","display_name":"Yishan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-5521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149693","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04qqd9793","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120069","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210149693"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yishan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-5521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003214441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":14.041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98482415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"959","last_page":"968"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9532999992370605,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6691978573799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outline-of-social-science","display_name":"Outline of social science","score":0.5777947902679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-of-science","display_name":"Nature of Science","score":0.529246985912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5041180849075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science-education","display_name":"Social science education","score":0.4932042956352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-communication","display_name":"Science communication","score":0.4806560277938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-technology-society-and-environment-education","display_name":"Science, technology, society and environment education","score":0.4607466459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-education","display_name":"Science education","score":0.458450049161911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4306091070175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4152570366859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.37729015946388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.35426902770996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.26629337668418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1644100546836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10128858685493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09987539052963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08542671799659729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6691978573799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82071709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7112729","display_name":"Outline of social science","level":4,"score":0.5777947902679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775974668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Nature of Science","level":3,"score":0.529246985912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5041180849075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543908354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science education","level":3,"score":0.4932042956352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C472806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472328","display_name":"Science communication","level":3,"score":0.4806560277938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65916561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7433452","display_name":"Science, technology, society and environment education","level":3,"score":0.4607466459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.458450049161911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4306091070175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4152570366859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.37729015946388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.35426902770996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26629337668418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1644100546836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10128858685493469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09987539052963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08542671799659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00064","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/1/3/959/1869920/qss_a_00064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6575e7332765424d84aa3ea477f366d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6575e7332765424d84aa3ea477f366d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp 959-968 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00064","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/1/3/959/1869920/qss_a_00064.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3038049124.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3038049124.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604081263","https://openalex.org/W608882361","https://openalex.org/W617548834","https://openalex.org/W631283957","https://openalex.org/W1454685603","https://openalex.org/W1535850652","https://openalex.org/W1576372720","https://openalex.org/W1765921954","https://openalex.org/W1965624054","https://openalex.org/W1971419707","https://openalex.org/W2007493771","https://openalex.org/W2039054432","https://openalex.org/W2044628058","https://openalex.org/W2048426622","https://openalex.org/W2049571909","https://openalex.org/W2069656088","https://openalex.org/W2088209891","https://openalex.org/W2090013379","https://openalex.org/W2123455699","https://openalex.org/W2139799726","https://openalex.org/W2151530181","https://openalex.org/W2160794623","https://openalex.org/W2172212846","https://openalex.org/W2233724384","https://openalex.org/W2330114716","https://openalex.org/W2485205741","https://openalex.org/W2496875435","https://openalex.org/W2504818787","https://openalex.org/W2507560180","https://openalex.org/W2585057539","https://openalex.org/W2765658614","https://openalex.org/W2793071066","https://openalex.org/W2802757827","https://openalex.org/W2912488021","https://openalex.org/W2915199466","https://openalex.org/W2917989760","https://openalex.org/W2954473053","https://openalex.org/W2963337885","https://openalex.org/W2989599909","https://openalex.org/W3142859637","https://openalex.org/W4211192102","https://openalex.org/W4240602848","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508383327","https://openalex.org/W2361813420","https://openalex.org/W2397655099","https://openalex.org/W135751934","https://openalex.org/W2054659243","https://openalex.org/W2966473257","https://openalex.org/W2353452655","https://openalex.org/W2355951333","https://openalex.org/W2184712022","https://openalex.org/W2106849026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"John":[0],"Desmond":[1],"Bernal":[2],"(1901\u20131970)":[3],"was":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,22,25,32,49,55,68,86,89,96,103,106,121],"the":[7,19,23,35,39,53,57,87,94,101],"most":[8],"eminent":[9],"scientists":[10],"in":[11,52,118],"molecular":[12],"biology":[13],"and":[14,63,66,71,79,108],"is":[15],"also":[16],"regarded":[17],"as":[18],"founding":[20],"father":[21],"science":[24,33,54,69,88,105],"science.":[26,90,122],"His":[27],"book":[28],"The":[29],"social":[30],"function":[31],"laid":[34],"theoretical":[36,60],"foundations":[37],"for":[38],"discipline.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"article,":[43],"we":[44,92],"summarize":[45],"four":[46],"chief":[47],"characteristics":[48],"his":[50],"ideas":[51],"science:":[56],"sociohistorical":[58],"perspective,":[59],"models,":[61],"qualitative":[62],"quantitative":[64,119],"approaches,":[65],"studies":[67,120],"planning":[70],"policy.":[72],"China":[73],"has":[74],"constantly":[75],"reformed":[76],"its":[77],"scientific":[78],"technological":[80],"system":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83,100],"research":[84],"evidence":[85],"Therefore,":[91],"analyze":[93],"impact":[95],"Bernal\u2019s":[97],"science-of-science":[98],"thoughts":[99],"development":[102],"China\u2019s":[104],"science,":[107],"discuss":[109],"how":[110],"they":[111],"might":[112],"be":[113],"usefully":[114],"taken":[115],"still":[116],"further":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}