{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002924435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00021","title":"Microsoft Academic Graph: When experts are not enough","display_name":"Microsoft Academic Graph: When experts are not enough","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002924435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00021","mag":"3002924435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00021","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/qss_a_00021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/qss_a_00021","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041659067","display_name":"Kuansan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-7966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kuansan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056112689","display_name":"Z. Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-5384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085827050","display_name":"Chiyuan Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiyuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102301230","display_name":"Chieh\u2010Han Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chieh-Han Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052284218","display_name":"Yuxiao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015163336","display_name":"Anshul Kanakia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anshul Kanakia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041659067"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":37.2439,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":490,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99826823,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"396","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7990661859512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.5613989233970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.559131383895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5298685431480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.5185878276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.5094409584999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.46760740876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46446293592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4559623897075653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-technology","display_name":"Semantic technology","score":0.43773549795150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-intelligence","display_name":"Business intelligence","score":0.4262222349643707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.345639169216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2996290922164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-computing","display_name":"Semantic computing","score":0.21550855040550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.1937030851840973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19215503334999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.12156176567077637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7990661859512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.5613989233970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.559131383895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5298685431480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.5185878276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.5094409584999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.46760740876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46446293592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4559623897075653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6881194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449091","display_name":"Semantic technology","level":4,"score":0.43773549795150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2767350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6662173","display_name":"Business intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4262222349643707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.345639169216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2996290922164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511149849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449051","display_name":"Semantic computing","level":3,"score":0.21550855040550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.1937030851840973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19215503334999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.12156176567077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00021","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/qss_a_00021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48b4b181195a48f69c4eb4efa63dcb56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48b4b181195a48f69c4eb4efa63dcb56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 396-413 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00021","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/qss_a_00021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314997","display_name":"Strong","ror":"https://ror.org/041vyzr56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002924435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002924435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W985847679","https://openalex.org/W1547304362","https://openalex.org/W1547705211","https://openalex.org/W1932742904","https://openalex.org/W1975258157","https://openalex.org/W1997098278","https://openalex.org/W2038101504","https://openalex.org/W2053549370","https://openalex.org/W2063918473","https://openalex.org/W2067333003","https://openalex.org/W2069656088","https://openalex.org/W2094140553","https://openalex.org/W2121395634","https://openalex.org/W2124949857","https://openalex.org/W2133494723","https://openalex.org/W2147658782","https://openalex.org/W2159205954","https://openalex.org/W2169270715","https://openalex.org/W2188509728","https://openalex.org/W2269742369","https://openalex.org/W2337399039","https://openalex.org/W2340526403","https://openalex.org/W2491348870","https://openalex.org/W2507134384","https://openalex.org/W2520167298","https://openalex.org/W2522876520","https://openalex.org/W2550304420","https://openalex.org/W2594899909","https://openalex.org/W2605124925","https://openalex.org/W2613826676","https://openalex.org/W2734665458","https://openalex.org/W2765327763","https://openalex.org/W2765524540","https://openalex.org/W2766265189","https://openalex.org/W2768506257","https://openalex.org/W2784936649","https://openalex.org/W2789247507","https://openalex.org/W2809279178","https://openalex.org/W2882319491","https://openalex.org/W2888592790","https://openalex.org/W2911926823","https://openalex.org/W2913755906","https://openalex.org/W2918332682","https://openalex.org/W2942498978","https://openalex.org/W2943934175","https://openalex.org/W2944642116","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W2963525873","https://openalex.org/W2993670251","https://openalex.org/W3101641741","https://openalex.org/W3102218939","https://openalex.org/W4213009331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2985343181","https://openalex.org/W4296738430","https://openalex.org/W4252741181","https://openalex.org/W1529551376","https://openalex.org/W4251426841","https://openalex.org/W1985397115","https://openalex.org/W2064556390","https://openalex.org/W2189209437","https://openalex.org/W2069492413","https://openalex.org/W2294528274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ongoing":[1],"project":[2],"explores":[3],"the":[4,13,27,46,67,70,73,80,97,116,159,166],"extent":[5],"to":[6,25,41,96],"which":[7],"artificial":[8],"intelligence":[9],"(AI),":[10],"specifically":[11],"in":[12,76,133,145,153,165],"areas":[14],"of":[15,29],"natural":[16,37],"language":[17,38],"processing":[18],"and":[19,69,79,90,110,119,121,126,136,149,157],"semantic":[20],"reasoning,":[21],"can":[22,130,161],"be":[23,131,162],"exploited":[24],"facilitate":[26],"studies":[28],"science":[30],"by":[31,51],"deploying":[32],"software":[33,93],"agents":[34,54],"equipped":[35],"with":[36],"understanding":[39],"capabilities":[40],"read":[42],"scholarly":[43,77],"publications":[44],"on":[45],"web.":[47],"The":[48,85],"knowledge":[49],"extracted":[50],"these":[52],"AI":[53,99,140],"is":[55],"organized":[56],"into":[57],"a":[58,91],"heterogeneous":[59],"graph,":[60],"called":[61],"Microsoft":[62],"Academic":[63],"Graph":[64],"(MAG),":[65],"where":[66],"nodes":[68],"edges":[71],"represent":[72],"entities":[74],"engaging":[75],"communications":[78],"relationships":[81],"among":[82],"them,":[83],"respectively.":[84],"frequently":[86],"updated":[87],"data":[88,106,155],"set":[89],"few":[92],"tools":[94],"central":[95],"underlying":[98],"components":[100],"are":[101,168],"distributed":[102],"under":[103],"an":[104,142],"open":[105],"license":[107],"for":[108],"research":[109],"commercial":[111],"applications.":[112],"This":[113],"paper":[114],"describes":[115],"design,":[117],"schema,":[118],"technical":[120],"business":[122],"motivations":[123],"behind":[124],"MAG":[125,129],"elaborates":[127],"how":[128,158],"used":[132],"analytics,":[134],"search,":[135],"recommendation":[137],"scenarios.":[138],"How":[139],"plays":[141],"important":[143],"role":[144],"avoiding":[146],"various":[147],"biases":[148],"human":[150],"induced":[151],"errors":[152],"other":[154],"sets":[156],"technologies":[160],"further":[163],"improved":[164],"future":[167],"also":[169],"discussed.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}