{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971323371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00004","title":"Granularity of algorithmically constructed publication-level classifications of research publications: Identification of specialties","display_name":"Granularity of algorithmically constructed publication-level classifications of research publications: Identification of specialties","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971323371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00004","mag":"2971323371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00004","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/qss_a_00004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/qss_a_00004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067868139","display_name":"Peter Sj\u00f6g\u00e5rde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-1360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Sj\u00f6g\u00e5rde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Informatics Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","University Library, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-1360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Informatics Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Library, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079812078","display_name":"Per Ahlgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-3073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Ahlgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","KTH Library, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-3073","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Library, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067868139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":2.3119,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91281159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"207","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.7822597026824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6819644570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6465550065040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6326671838760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5986149311065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5959353446960449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5847899913787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.5613974928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5357156991958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5330276489257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4807453155517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.462721049785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4600823223590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-scheme","display_name":"Classification scheme","score":0.43092596530914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3876928389072418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26826173067092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1429855227470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10409265756607056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.7822597026824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6819644570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6465550065040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6326671838760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5986149311065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5959353446960449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5847899913787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5613974928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5357156991958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5330276489257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4807453155517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.462721049785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4600823223590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85753676","display_name":"Classification scheme","level":2,"score":0.43092596530914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3876928389072418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26826173067092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1429855227470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10409265756607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00004","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/qss_a_00004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.05273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.05273","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.05273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-430889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-430889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article in journal"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8904c2288ef542808bc69db0ec9990ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8904c2288ef542808bc69db0ec9990ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 207-238 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/qss_a_00004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00004","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/qss_a_00004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195326","display_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","issn_l":"2641-3337","issn":["2641-3337"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantitative Science Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971323371.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971323371.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W406100599","https://openalex.org/W1546171873","https://openalex.org/W1604224809","https://openalex.org/W1900908307","https://openalex.org/W1984689597","https://openalex.org/W2001616711","https://openalex.org/W2004590886","https://openalex.org/W2005207065","https://openalex.org/W2013821356","https://openalex.org/W2025365931","https://openalex.org/W2028663150","https://openalex.org/W2033403400","https://openalex.org/W2033947830","https://openalex.org/W2038939510","https://openalex.org/W2049076011","https://openalex.org/W2062652446","https://openalex.org/W2076355899","https://openalex.org/W2076372024","https://openalex.org/W2102958352","https://openalex.org/W2126053020","https://openalex.org/W2126566678","https://openalex.org/W2127048411","https://openalex.org/W2163820799","https://openalex.org/W2207112134","https://openalex.org/W2399746551","https://openalex.org/W2463095032","https://openalex.org/W2496875435","https://openalex.org/W2503511100","https://openalex.org/W2555756618","https://openalex.org/W2593349722","https://openalex.org/W2595052243","https://openalex.org/W2721503627","https://openalex.org/W2754386242","https://openalex.org/W2772572665","https://openalex.org/W2776545717","https://openalex.org/W2785500944","https://openalex.org/W2897249806","https://openalex.org/W2912176745","https://openalex.org/W2913058744","https://openalex.org/W2951364172","https://openalex.org/W3099377388","https://openalex.org/W3102641634","https://openalex.org/W3103443220","https://openalex.org/W3105265400","https://openalex.org/W3106188259","https://openalex.org/W4211211006","https://openalex.org/W4235169531","https://openalex.org/W4240963843","https://openalex.org/W4300313809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W2999756192","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W2059697060","https://openalex.org/W4382701072","https://openalex.org/W4256502920","https://openalex.org/W2491314273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,126],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,50,119,130,179],"build":[4],"on":[5,14],"and":[6,24,64,85,103,111,140,163],"use":[7],"the":[8,26,40,43,59,96,100,133,137,141,152,157,169,182,189],"outcome":[9],"of":[10,28,35,42,75,81,115,136,144,168,193],"an":[11,18,194],"earlier":[12,60],"study":[13],"topic":[15,109],"identification":[16],"in":[17,58],"algorithmically":[19,31],"constructed":[20],"publication-level":[21],"classification":[22,34,44,102],"(ACPLC),":[23],"address":[25],"issue":[27],"how":[29],"to":[30,46,55,67,92,149,172],"obtain":[32],"a":[33,69,82,88,116,122,165],"topics":[36],"(containing":[37],"articles),":[38],"where":[39],"classes":[41],"correspond":[45],"specialties.":[47,93],"The":[48,72],"methodology":[49,184],"propose,":[51],"which":[52],"is":[53,78,161,185],"similar":[54],"that":[56,79,90,181],"used":[57],"study,":[61],"uses":[62],"journals":[63,80],"their":[65],"articles":[66,170],"construct":[68],"baseline":[70,101],"classification.":[71],"underlying":[73],"assumption":[74],"our":[76],"approach":[77],"particular":[83],"size":[84,154],"focus":[86],"have":[87,120],"scope":[89],"corresponds":[91],"By":[94],"measuring":[95],"similarity":[97],"between":[98],"(1)":[99],"(2)":[104],"multiple":[105],"classifications":[106],"obtained":[107],"by":[108],"clustering":[110],"using":[112],"different":[113],"values":[114],"resolution":[117],"parameter,":[118],"identified":[121],"best":[123,158],"performing":[124,159],"ACPLC.":[125,195],"two":[127],"case":[128],"studies,":[129],"could":[131],"identify":[132],"subject":[134,142],"foci":[135,143],"specialties":[138,145],"involved,":[139],"were":[146],"relatively":[147],"easy":[148],"distinguish.":[150],"Further,":[151],"class":[153],"variation":[155],"regarding":[156],"ACPLC":[160],"moderate,":[162],"only":[164],"small":[166,174],"proportion":[167],"belong":[171],"very":[173],"classes.":[175],"For":[176],"these":[177],"reasons,":[178],"conclude":[180],"proposed":[183],"suitable":[186],"for":[187],"determining":[188],"specialty":[190],"granularity":[191],"level":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}