{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2160586172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00111","title":"Effects of Stereoscopic Viewing on Presence, Anxiety, and Cybersickness in a Virtual Reality Environment for Public Speaking","display_name":"Effects of Stereoscopic Viewing on Presence, Anxiety, and Cybersickness in a Virtual Reality Environment for Public Speaking","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2160586172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00111","mag":"2160586172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/pres_a_00111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000716079","display_name":"Yun Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-4220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027788069","display_name":"Willem\u2010Paul Brinkman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8485-7092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willem-Paul Brinkman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091883011","display_name":"Harold T. Nefs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4943-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold T. Nefs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110629147","display_name":"Chao Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111767085","display_name":"Ingrid Heynderickx","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Heynderickx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97158658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"254","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10971","display_name":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopy","display_name":"Stereoscopy","score":0.7954094409942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality-exposure-therapy","display_name":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy","score":0.7347285151481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.7154488563537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6502853035926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6478460431098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5463876128196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.4710005819797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-presence","display_name":"Sense of presence","score":0.4517185688018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4468225836753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.43475210666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.38444623351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38094383478164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.36373913288116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3425324559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3309440612792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3125322759151459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2692483067512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11351516842842102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.7954094409942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910959060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3527308","display_name":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy","level":3,"score":0.7347285151481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.7154488563537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6502853035926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6478460431098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5463876128196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.4710005819797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987143623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5643204","display_name":"Sense of presence","level":3,"score":0.4517185688018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4468225836753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43475210666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.38444623351097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38094383478164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.36373913288116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3425324559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3309440612792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3125322759151459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2692483067512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11351516842842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/pres_a_00111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:770097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=770097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1054-7460","raw_type":"Article / Letter to the editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:770097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/770097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1054-7460","raw_type":"Article / Letter to the editor"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50276466","https://openalex.org/W62513334","https://openalex.org/W166536261","https://openalex.org/W1508109223","https://openalex.org/W1528719126","https://openalex.org/W1552197203","https://openalex.org/W1586856071","https://openalex.org/W1754390652","https://openalex.org/W1766519280","https://openalex.org/W1945904285","https://openalex.org/W1970032995","https://openalex.org/W1970881825","https://openalex.org/W1974964370","https://openalex.org/W1976309760","https://openalex.org/W1978834524","https://openalex.org/W1993385708","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W1999364579","https://openalex.org/W2017178600","https://openalex.org/W2024151148","https://openalex.org/W2026000422","https://openalex.org/W2033913146","https://openalex.org/W2034933173","https://openalex.org/W2036481433","https://openalex.org/W2036973513","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2038764041","https://openalex.org/W2047761522","https://openalex.org/W2055765192","https://openalex.org/W2058300759","https://openalex.org/W2071215013","https://openalex.org/W2077453665","https://openalex.org/W2078555440","https://openalex.org/W2080509533","https://openalex.org/W2085067988","https://openalex.org/W2086591535","https://openalex.org/W2089184417","https://openalex.org/W2092258559","https://openalex.org/W2096526468","https://openalex.org/W2098255177","https://openalex.org/W2098439642","https://openalex.org/W2101484768","https://openalex.org/W2105689609","https://openalex.org/W2107887700","https://openalex.org/W2118273780","https://openalex.org/W2121999069","https://openalex.org/W2125805506","https://openalex.org/W2129055978","https://openalex.org/W2133245525","https://openalex.org/W2134415276","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2145839404","https://openalex.org/W2148894991","https://openalex.org/W2151867524","https://openalex.org/W2152933045","https://openalex.org/W2153717601","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2159061031","https://openalex.org/W2163004454","https://openalex.org/W2164896116","https://openalex.org/W2174993258","https://openalex.org/W2176794506","https://openalex.org/W2186431568","https://openalex.org/W2256488837","https://openalex.org/W2300904611","https://openalex.org/W2474439225","https://openalex.org/W2766641657","https://openalex.org/W2897971917","https://openalex.org/W3029614694","https://openalex.org/W4254994113","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2761440582","https://openalex.org/W2092663682","https://openalex.org/W2073778669","https://openalex.org/W2987381518","https://openalex.org/W2902011785","https://openalex.org/W3120417133","https://openalex.org/W3213498827","https://openalex.org/W3041514386","https://openalex.org/W3211501801","https://openalex.org/W2022959378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53,110],"this":[1,111],"study,":[2,112],"we":[3],"addressed":[4],"the":[5,22,31,59,87,106,122,196],"effect":[6,200],"of":[7,34,56,72,77,84,101,108,183,198,214],"stereoscopy":[8,36],"on":[9],"presence,":[10],"anxiety,":[11],"and":[12,20,117,132,169,180],"cybersickness":[13,184],"in":[14,37,47,86,121,185,219],"a":[15,48,73],"virtual":[16,42,49,88,123],"public":[17,50,124,220],"speaking":[18,51,125,221],"world,":[19],"investigated":[21],"relationships":[23],"between":[24,167],"these":[25],"three":[26],"variables.":[27],"Our":[28,204],"results":[29,138,205],"question":[30],"practical":[32,215],"relevance":[33],"applying":[35],"head-mounted":[38],"displays":[39],"(HMDs)":[40],"for":[41,105,152,217],"reality":[43],"exposure":[44],"therapy":[45],"(VRET)":[46],"world.":[52],"VRET,":[54],"feelings":[55,176],"presence":[57,85,102,142,192],"improve":[58],"efficacy":[60],"(B.":[61],"K.":[62],"Wiederhold":[63],"&":[64,93],"M.":[65],"D.":[66],"Wiederhold,":[67],"2005).":[68],"There":[69],"are":[70],"reports":[71],"relatively":[74,202],"large":[75],"group":[76],"dropouts":[78],"during":[79],"VRET":[80,218],"at":[81],"low":[82],"levels":[83],"environment":[89],"(Krijn,":[90],"Emmelkamp,":[91],"Olafsson,":[92],"Biemond,":[94],"2004).":[95],"Therefore,":[96],"generating":[97],"an":[98],"adequate":[99],"level":[100,182],"is":[103],"essential":[104],"success":[107],"VRET.":[109],"86":[113],"participants":[114],"were":[115,119],"recruited":[116],"they":[118],"immersed":[120],"world":[126],"twice:":[127],"once":[128,133],"with":[129],"stereoscopic":[130,135,168,209],"rendering":[131,210],"without":[134],"rendering.":[136],"The":[137,159],"showed":[139,164],"that":[140,208],"spatial":[141,191],"was":[143,157,193,201],"significantly":[144,194],"improved":[145],"by":[146],"adding":[147],"stereoscopy,":[148],"but":[149],"no":[150,165],"difference":[151,166],"reported":[153,173],"involvement":[154],"or":[155],"realism":[156],"found.":[158],"heart":[160],"rate":[161],"measurements":[162],"also":[163],"nonstereoscopic":[170],"viewing.":[171],"Participants":[172],"similar":[174,181],"anxiety":[175],"about":[177],"their":[178],"talk":[179],"both":[186],"viewing":[187],"modes.":[188],"Even":[189],"though":[190],"improved,":[195],"size":[197],"statistical":[199],"small.":[203],"therefore":[206],"suggest":[207],"may":[211],"not":[212],"be":[213],"importance":[216],"settings.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}