{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156661050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01379","title":"Training Spiking Neural Networks in the Strong Coupling Regime","display_name":"Training Spiking Neural Networks in the Strong Coupling Regime","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156661050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01379","mag":"3156661050","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34496392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9585481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036934949","display_name":"Christopher M. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-6207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090567","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher M. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, U.S.A. chrismkkim@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, U.S.A. chrismkkim@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090567","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034374861","display_name":"Carson C. Chow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-9553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090567","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carson C. Chow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, U.S.A. carsonc@niddk.nih.gov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, U.S.A. carsonc@niddk.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090567","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034374861","https://openalex.org/A5036934949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210090567"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6102,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66501373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"5","first_page":"1199","last_page":"1233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6628701686859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.6556333899497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitatory-postsynaptic-potential","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","score":0.638818085193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neural-network","display_name":"Biological neural network","score":0.6137537360191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5948494076728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.590053915977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/models-of-neural-computation","display_name":"Models of neural computation","score":0.4817390739917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4435455799102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.4381660223007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.4353598952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibitory-postsynaptic-potential","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","score":0.40825650095939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.27701568603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.20205220580101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.059879183769226074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6628701686859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.6556333899497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.638818085193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.6137537360191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5948494076728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.590053915977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3832189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8588916","display_name":"Models of neural computation","level":3,"score":0.4817390739917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4435455799102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.4381660223007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4353598952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.40825650095939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27701568603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20205220580101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.059879183769226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34496392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34496392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9585481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9585481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neural Comput","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9585481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9585481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neural Comput","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8788626498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZIA DK013024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492221128","https://openalex.org/W1582051163","https://openalex.org/W1661597557","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1999542175","https://openalex.org/W2008284899","https://openalex.org/W2013155738","https://openalex.org/W2027802883","https://openalex.org/W2047125104","https://openalex.org/W2087301801","https://openalex.org/W2099231026","https://openalex.org/W2102701721","https://openalex.org/W2106566258","https://openalex.org/W2147617498","https://openalex.org/W2153201079","https://openalex.org/W2252933323","https://openalex.org/W2280725856","https://openalex.org/W2295845209","https://openalex.org/W2520280309","https://openalex.org/W2545883516","https://openalex.org/W2600919610","https://openalex.org/W2761159697","https://openalex.org/W2772691327","https://openalex.org/W2907378848","https://openalex.org/W2947946530","https://openalex.org/W2962683355","https://openalex.org/W2967417697","https://openalex.org/W2970825820","https://openalex.org/W2982158940","https://openalex.org/W2996545132","https://openalex.org/W3008505973","https://openalex.org/W3012591046","https://openalex.org/W3040146654","https://openalex.org/W3043133474","https://openalex.org/W3087263227","https://openalex.org/W3099224472","https://openalex.org/W3105906777","https://openalex.org/W6785693436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297619707","https://openalex.org/W4378501503","https://openalex.org/W4386423180","https://openalex.org/W2521023735","https://openalex.org/W3102087395","https://openalex.org/W4317935374","https://openalex.org/W3137699669","https://openalex.org/W2023508812","https://openalex.org/W2908861709","https://openalex.org/W2005847692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recurrent":[0],"neural":[1,53,94,156],"networks":[2,157],"trained":[3,113],"to":[4,24,74,159,172],"perform":[5],"complex":[6],"tasks":[7],"can":[8,163],"provide":[9],"insight":[10],"into":[11],"the":[12,32,60,79,98,142],"dynamic":[13,56,82,169],"mechanism":[14],"that":[15,35,110,153],"underlies":[16],"computations":[17],"performed":[18],"by":[19,59],"cortical":[20,87,173],"circuits.":[21,174],"However,":[22],"due":[23],"a":[25,68,85],"large":[26,122],"number":[27],"of":[28,84,105,112],"unconstrained":[29],"synaptic":[30,146],"connections,":[31],"recurrent":[33,155],"connectivity":[34,166],"emerges":[36],"from":[37],"network":[38,139],"training":[39,69,137,154],"may":[40],"not":[41],"be":[42],"biologically":[43],"plausible.":[44],"Therefore,":[45],"it":[46],"remains":[47],"unknown":[48],"if":[49],"and":[50,81,102,126,138,168],"how":[51,136],"biological":[52],"circuits":[54],"implement":[55],"mechanisms":[57],"proposed":[58],"models.":[61],"To":[62],"narrow":[63],"this":[64],"gap,":[65],"we":[66,108],"developed":[67],"scheme":[70],"that,":[71],"in":[72,128,144,165],"addition":[73],"achieving":[75],"learning":[76],"goals,":[77],"respects":[78],"structural":[80],"properties":[83],"standard":[86],"circuit":[88],"model:":[89],"strongly":[90],"coupled":[91],"excitatory-inhibitory":[92],"spiking":[93,124],"networks.":[95],"By":[96],"preserving":[97],"strong":[99,160],"mean":[100,145],"excitatory":[101],"inhibitory":[103],"coupling":[104,161],"initial":[106],"networks,":[107],"found":[109],"most":[111],"synapses":[114],"obeyed":[115],"Dale's":[116],"law":[117],"without":[118],"additional":[119],"constraints,":[120],"exhibited":[121],"trial-to-trial":[123],"variability,":[125],"operated":[127],"inhibition-stabilized":[129],"regime.":[130],"We":[131],"derived":[132],"analytical":[133],"estimates":[134],"on":[135],"parameters":[140],"constrained":[141],"changes":[143],"strength":[147],"during":[148],"training.":[149],"Our":[150],"results":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"subject":[158],"constraints":[162],"result":[164],"structure":[167],"regime":[170],"relevant":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}