{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133217640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01373","title":"Classification From Pairwise Similarities/Dissimilarities and Unlabeled Data via Empirical Risk Minimization","display_name":"Classification From Pairwise Similarities/Dissimilarities and Unlabeled Data via Empirical Risk Minimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133217640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01373","mag":"3133217640","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044212014","display_name":"Takuya Shimada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takuya Shimada","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0333, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan shima@ms.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0333, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan shima@ms.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025836536","display_name":"Han Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-2604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0333, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan tsutsumi@ms.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0333, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan tsutsumi@ms.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060421432","display_name":"Issei Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-1435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Issei Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0333, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan issei.sato@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0333, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan issei.sato@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072744508","display_name":"Masashi Sugiyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-6743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masashi Sugiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan, and University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0333, Japan sugi@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan, and University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0333, Japan sugi@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025836536","https://openalex.org/A5044212014","https://openalex.org/A5060421432","https://openalex.org/A5072744508"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89773252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"5","first_page":"1234","last_page":"1268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.9445037841796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.710089921951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5744558572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5717829465866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5535668134689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-risk-minimization","display_name":"Empirical risk minimization","score":0.4948093295097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46580153703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4370288550853729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36991679668426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3593806326389313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3575659990310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3522518575191498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1964300274848938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.9445037841796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.710089921951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5744558572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5717829465866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5535668134689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107321475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374254","display_name":"Empirical risk minimization","level":2,"score":0.4948093295097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46580153703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4370288550853729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36991679668426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3593806326389313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3575659990310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3522518575191498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1964300274848938}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33617743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516407653","https://openalex.org/W1596382552","https://openalex.org/W1825821140","https://openalex.org/W1975128126","https://openalex.org/W2013823004","https://openalex.org/W2018000058","https://openalex.org/W2046622454","https://openalex.org/W2055423828","https://openalex.org/W2056187338","https://openalex.org/W2096100960","https://openalex.org/W2102112650","https://openalex.org/W2102524069","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2120534270","https://openalex.org/W2124216369","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2134089414","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2143385470","https://openalex.org/W2149908819","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2169495281","https://openalex.org/W2537231727","https://openalex.org/W2540093921","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2786464815","https://openalex.org/W2887997457","https://openalex.org/W2888934269","https://openalex.org/W2913520548","https://openalex.org/W2913691358","https://openalex.org/W2917551568","https://openalex.org/W2949595274","https://openalex.org/W2951585248","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962971234","https://openalex.org/W2963113424","https://openalex.org/W2963644595","https://openalex.org/W2964069949","https://openalex.org/W2964083560","https://openalex.org/W2964295685","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3000533570","https://openalex.org/W3034838799","https://openalex.org/W3034954777","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4297801285","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W6635376254","https://openalex.org/W6674531466","https://openalex.org/W6675382114","https://openalex.org/W6675528751","https://openalex.org/W6675751002","https://openalex.org/W6678914141","https://openalex.org/W6679849079","https://openalex.org/W6681361509","https://openalex.org/W6682299748","https://openalex.org/W6683496759","https://openalex.org/W6693514096","https://openalex.org/W6729244039","https://openalex.org/W6747843811","https://openalex.org/W6748176785","https://openalex.org/W6748634344","https://openalex.org/W6754278344","https://openalex.org/W6754519412","https://openalex.org/W6758241014","https://openalex.org/W6759151479","https://openalex.org/W6760212410","https://openalex.org/W6785269020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487162673","https://openalex.org/W2793211469","https://openalex.org/W2155195660","https://openalex.org/W3167136058","https://openalex.org/W2941895742","https://openalex.org/W2060518740","https://openalex.org/W4367626110","https://openalex.org/W2052343155","https://openalex.org/W2103875979","https://openalex.org/W2262246290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pairwise":[0],"similarities":[1,49,71,115],"and":[2,50,72,116,118,128],"dissimilarities":[3,73,117],"between":[4],"data":[5,16,86],"points":[6],"are":[7],"often":[8],"obtained":[9],"more":[10],"easily":[11],"than":[12],"full":[13],"labels":[14],"of":[15,24,40,107,114,134],"in":[17],"real-world":[18],"classification":[19,42,109],"problems.":[20],"To":[21],"make":[22],"use":[23],"such":[25,88],"pairwise":[26,48,63],"information,":[27],"an":[28,37,104,124],"empirical":[29,136],"risk":[30,43,110,137],"minimization":[31,138],"approach":[32,55],"has":[33,56],"been":[34,59],"proposed,":[35],"where":[36],"unbiased":[38,105],"estimator":[39,106],"the":[41,85,90,108,131],"is":[44],"computed":[45],"from":[46],"only":[47],"unlabeled":[51,119],"data.":[52,120],"However,":[53],"this":[54,100],"not":[57],"yet":[58],"able":[60],"to":[61],"handle":[62],"dissimilarities.":[64],"Semisupervised":[65],"clustering":[66],"methods":[67],"can":[68],"incorporate":[69],"both":[70],"into":[74],"their":[75],"framework;":[76],"however,":[77],"they":[78],"typically":[79],"require":[80],"strong":[81],"geometrical":[82],"assumptions":[83],"on":[84,112],"distribution":[87],"as":[89],"manifold":[91],"assumption,":[92],"which":[93],"may":[94],"cause":[95],"severe":[96],"performance":[97],"deterioration.":[98],"In":[99],"letter,":[101],"we":[102],"derive":[103],"based":[111],"all":[113],"We":[121],"theoretically":[122],"establish":[123],"estimation":[125],"error":[126],"bound":[127],"experimentally":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"practical":[132],"usefulness":[133],"our":[135],"method.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
