{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007001007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01270","title":"Feature Extraction of Surface Electromyography Based on Improved Small-World Leaky Echo State Network","display_name":"Feature Extraction of Surface Electromyography Based on Improved Small-World Leaky Echo State Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007001007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01270","mag":"3007001007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32069173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050978193","display_name":"Xugang Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-6313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xugang Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001777600","display_name":"Wenjun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-7454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077771144","display_name":"Seyed M. Miran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-7984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seyed M. Miran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Informatics Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Informatics Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054832779","display_name":"Xian Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119757","display_name":"Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02n6fv369","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119757"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xian Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018474051","display_name":"Yun\u2010Bo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-5297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Bo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350377","display_name":"Yang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8697-003X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044608144","display_name":"Zhizeng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-3455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhizeng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001777600","https://openalex.org/A5018474051","https://openalex.org/A5044608144","https://openalex.org/A5050978193","https://openalex.org/A5054832779","https://openalex.org/A5077771144","https://openalex.org/A5100350377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525","https://openalex.org/I4210119757","https://openalex.org/I50760025","https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73126755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"741","last_page":"758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-state-network","display_name":"Echo state network","score":0.7164905071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6799196600914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6120284199714661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.607372522354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5587968230247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5412653684616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","score":0.5340145230293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5107150077819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.4861847758293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.431610643863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.358106404542923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3261999487876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2319178581237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.1488189399242401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08621281385421753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172025690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5332763","display_name":"Echo state network","level":4,"score":0.7164905071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6799196600914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6120284199714661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.607372522354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5587968230247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5412653684616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.5340145230293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5107150077819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.4861847758293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.431610643863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.358106404542923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3261999487876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2319178581237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.1488189399242401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08621281385421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32069173","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32069173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605883445","https://openalex.org/W1983543997","https://openalex.org/W1992456026","https://openalex.org/W2001263627","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2009758477","https://openalex.org/W2031645826","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2056933353","https://openalex.org/W2074477564","https://openalex.org/W2082273045","https://openalex.org/W2087455143","https://openalex.org/W2093071643","https://openalex.org/W2104109662","https://openalex.org/W2118706537","https://openalex.org/W2120422653","https://openalex.org/W2120593379","https://openalex.org/W2120969571","https://openalex.org/W2124349412","https://openalex.org/W2320558609","https://openalex.org/W2508819249","https://openalex.org/W2593882710","https://openalex.org/W2620262074","https://openalex.org/W2729323185","https://openalex.org/W2766919706","https://openalex.org/W2792117733","https://openalex.org/W2802014134","https://openalex.org/W2888587908","https://openalex.org/W2893415549","https://openalex.org/W2895678193","https://openalex.org/W2895969156","https://openalex.org/W2897008006","https://openalex.org/W2898077738","https://openalex.org/W2898716605","https://openalex.org/W2899507313","https://openalex.org/W2908731397","https://openalex.org/W2915029616","https://openalex.org/W2921850736","https://openalex.org/W2929105999","https://openalex.org/W2941461216","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W4246252528","https://openalex.org/W4253055544","https://openalex.org/W4301871351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1473737476","https://openalex.org/W2376139493","https://openalex.org/W2949162897","https://openalex.org/W2061432289","https://openalex.org/W2911808920","https://openalex.org/W2141253262","https://openalex.org/W3156756500","https://openalex.org/W2276571074","https://openalex.org/W2561494732","https://openalex.org/W4390599063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface":[0],"electromyography":[1],"(sEMG)":[2],"is":[3,63],"an":[4],"electrophysiological":[5],"reflection":[6],"of":[7,23,30,42,57,74,96,105,113,174,188,203,213],"skeletal":[8],"muscle":[9],"contractile":[10],"activity":[11],"that":[12,179,200],"can":[13],"directly":[14],"reflect":[15],"neuromuscular":[16],"activity.":[17],"It":[18],"has":[19],"been":[20],"a":[21,38,66],"matter":[22],"research":[24],"to":[25,87,170],"investigate":[26],"feature":[27,39],"extraction":[28,40],"methods":[29],"sEMG":[31,43,126],"signals.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"letter,":[35],"we":[36,70,108,141],"propose":[37],"method":[41],"signals":[44,127],"based":[45],"on":[46],"the":[47,72,75,94,97,99,103,110,114,125,156,160,165,172,180,201,207],"improved":[48,71],"small-world":[49],"leaky":[50,58],"echo":[51,59,76],"state":[52,60,77],"network":[53,61,78,115],"(ISWLESN).":[54],"The":[55,176],"reservoir":[56,73],"(LESN)":[62],"connected":[64],"by":[65,80,145],"random":[67],"network.":[68],"First,":[69],"(ESN)":[79],"these":[81,89],"networks":[82],"and":[83,102,118,137,147,164,190,215],"used":[84,119,148,169],"edge-added":[85],"probability":[86],"improve":[88],"networks.":[90],"That":[91],"idea":[92],"enhances":[93],"adaptability":[95],"reservoir,":[98],"generalization":[100],"ability,":[101],"stability":[104],"ESN.":[106,191],"Then":[107],"obtained":[109],"output":[111],"weight":[112],"through":[116],"training":[117],"it":[120,196],"as":[121],"features.":[122,175],"We":[123],"recorded":[124],"during":[128],"different":[129],"activities:":[130],"falling,":[131],"walking,":[132],"sitting,":[133],"squatting,":[134],"going":[135,138],"upstairs,":[136],"downstairs.":[139],"Afterward,":[140],"extracted":[142],"corresponding":[143],"features":[144],"ISWLESN":[146,181,204],"principal":[149],"component":[150],"analysis":[151],"for":[152,205],"dimension":[153],"reduction.":[154],"At":[155],"end,":[157],"scatter":[158],"plot,":[159],"class":[161],"separability":[162],"index,":[163],"Davies-Bouldin":[166],"index":[167],"were":[168],"assess":[171],"performance":[173,183,202],"results":[177],"showed":[178],"clustering":[182],"was":[184,197,209],"better":[185,210],"than":[186,211],"those":[187,212],"LESN":[189],"By":[192],"support":[193],"vector":[194],"machine,":[195],"also":[198],"revealed":[199],"classifying":[206],"activities":[208],"ESN":[214],"LESN.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
