{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000533570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01262","title":"Classification from Triplet Comparison Data","display_name":"Classification from Triplet Comparison Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000533570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01262","mag":"3000533570","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31951796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01262","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/32/3/659/1864621/neco_a_01262.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/32/3/659/1864621/neco_a_01262.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103852800","display_name":"Zhenghang Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghang Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083583938","display_name":"Nontawat Charoenphakdee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nontawat Charoenphakdee","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060421432","display_name":"Issei Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-1435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Issei Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072744508","display_name":"Masashi Sugiyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-6743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masashi Sugiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan and The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan and The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060421432","https://openalex.org/A5072744508","https://openalex.org/A5083583938","https://openalex.org/A5103852800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86439228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"659","last_page":"681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-risk-minimization","display_name":"Empirical risk minimization","score":0.7675677537918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6570939421653748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6411783695220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6096290349960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5607744455337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4883584678173065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4836800992488861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4782796800136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-space","display_name":"Euclidean space","score":0.4773854613304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45697957277297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4537236988544464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3041415810585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12880867719650269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107321475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374254","display_name":"Empirical risk minimization","level":2,"score":0.7675677537918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6570939421653748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6411783695220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6096290349960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5607744455337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4883584678173065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4836800992488861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4782796800136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186450821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17295","display_name":"Euclidean space","level":2,"score":0.4773854613304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45697957277297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4537236988544464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3041415810585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12880867719650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01262","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/32/3/659/1864621/neco_a_01262.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31951796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31951796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01262","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/32/3/659/1864621/neco_a_01262.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000533570.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000533570.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64306409","https://openalex.org/W85455704","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1974511160","https://openalex.org/W2067906953","https://openalex.org/W2088247287","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2157911873","https://openalex.org/W2169495281","https://openalex.org/W2285042231","https://openalex.org/W2299467264","https://openalex.org/W2337197875","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2559997609","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2604738573","https://openalex.org/W2607412481","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2612972698","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2747345988","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2786201195","https://openalex.org/W2803334329","https://openalex.org/W2888934269","https://openalex.org/W2894568782","https://openalex.org/W2941895742","https://openalex.org/W2944586609","https://openalex.org/W2946375767","https://openalex.org/W2963404486","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4234552385","https://openalex.org/W4288269198","https://openalex.org/W6788247690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2037549926","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W2155195660","https://openalex.org/W4238233526","https://openalex.org/W2060518740","https://openalex.org/W4367626110","https://openalex.org/W2052343155","https://openalex.org/W2262246290","https://openalex.org/W2103875979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"from":[1,72,94],"triplet":[2,57,73,95],"comparison":[3,47,58,74,96],"data":[4,59,75,97],"has":[5,76,102,146],"been":[6,77],"extensively":[7],"studied":[8],"in":[9,36,63,79],"the":[10,41,46,100,123,127,133,139,147,173],"context":[11],"of":[12,40,86],"metric":[13,22],"learning,":[14],"where":[15,29],"we":[16,30,88,108,165,179],"want":[17,31],"to":[18,32,113,183],"learn":[19,33,90],"a":[20,37,64,91,110],"distance":[21],"between":[23],"two":[24],"instances,":[25],"and":[26,67,154,191],"ordinal":[27],"embedding,":[28],"an":[34,82,119,168],"embedding":[35],"Euclidean":[38],"space":[39],"given":[42],"instances":[43],"that":[44,149,185],"preserve":[45],"order":[48],"as":[49,51],"much":[50],"possible.":[52],"Unlike":[53],"fully":[54],"labeled":[55],"data,":[56],"can":[60,89,160],"be":[61,161],"collected":[62],"more":[65],"accurate":[66],"human-friendly":[68],"way.":[69],"Although":[70],"learning":[71],"considered":[78],"many":[80],"applications,":[81],"important":[83,115],"fundamental":[84],"question":[85,116],"whether":[87],"classifier":[92],"only":[93],"without":[98],"all":[99],"labels":[101],"remained":[103],"unanswered.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106,114],"letter,":[107],"give":[109],"positive":[111],"answer":[112],"by":[117],"proposing":[118],"unbiased":[120],"estimator":[121],"for":[122,172],"classification":[124],"risk":[125,129,141,176],"under":[126],"empirical":[128,140,175],"minimization":[130,142],"framework.":[131],"Since":[132],"proposed":[134,174],"method":[135,187],"is":[136],"based":[137],"on":[138],"framework,":[143],"it":[144],"inherently":[145],"advantage":[148],"any":[150,155],"surrogate":[151],"loss":[152],"function":[153],"model,":[156],"including":[157],"neural":[158],"networks,":[159],"easily":[162],"applied.":[163],"Furthermore,":[164],"theoretically":[166],"establish":[167],"estimation":[169],"error":[170],"bound":[171],"minimizer.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"provide":[180],"experimental":[181],"results":[182],"show":[184],"our":[186],"empirically":[188],"works":[189],"well":[190],"outperforms":[192],"various":[193],"baseline":[194],"methods.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
