{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983826605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01246","title":"Toward Training Recurrent Neural Networks for Lifelong Learning","display_name":"Toward Training Recurrent Neural Networks for Lifelong Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983826605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01246","mag":"2983826605","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31703175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052862844","display_name":"Shagun Sodhani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shagun Sodhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mila, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027720969","display_name":"Sarath Chandar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarath Chandar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mila, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086198262","display_name":"Yoshua Bengio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-3515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yoshua Bengio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mila, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada, and CIFAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada, and CIFAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027720969","https://openalex.org/A5052862844","https://openalex.org/A5086198262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98562994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.89304518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7114956974983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifelong-learning","display_name":"Lifelong learning","score":0.6878913044929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6177588105201721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6008792519569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5985986590385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.576404333114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5200504660606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.4345114529132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15917977690696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.1203906238079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.89304518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7114956974983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108771440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368475","display_name":"Lifelong learning","level":2,"score":0.6878913044929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6177588105201721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6008792519569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5985986590385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.576404333114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5200504660606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.4345114529132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15917977690696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.1203906238079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_01246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31703175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31703175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:73394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/73394/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revue"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W290360019","https://openalex.org/W1499991161","https://openalex.org/W1513681384","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1579705726","https://openalex.org/W1584431645","https://openalex.org/W1690739335","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W2077947937","https://openalex.org/W2105361488","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2126204609","https://openalex.org/W2186222003","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2554616628","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2583687993","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2613152434","https://openalex.org/W2786446225","https://openalex.org/W2803023299","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2950262738","https://openalex.org/W2950527759","https://openalex.org/W2963628712","https://openalex.org/W2963788399","https://openalex.org/W2963813679","https://openalex.org/W2964151081","https://openalex.org/W2964189064","https://openalex.org/W3021931813","https://openalex.org/W4207080468","https://openalex.org/W4210399129","https://openalex.org/W4301163820","https://openalex.org/W4319988532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289718052","https://openalex.org/W2164121020","https://openalex.org/W2145559838","https://openalex.org/W3116498279","https://openalex.org/W4287549553","https://openalex.org/W3183027292","https://openalex.org/W4248896073","https://openalex.org/W2974871044","https://openalex.org/W2364105709","https://openalex.org/W2794885965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Catastrophic":[0],"forgetting":[1,102],"and":[2,50,105,121],"capacity":[3,108],"saturation":[4],"are":[5,56,113],"the":[6,23,38,41,54,67,72,78,116,124,134,139,146],"central":[7],"challenges":[8,21],"of":[9,25,63,69,118,126],"any":[10,84],"parametric":[11],"lifelong":[12,42,92,150],"learning":[13,28,43,93,151],"system.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"work,":[17],"we":[18,45,95,122],"study":[19],"these":[20],"in":[22,40,115],"context":[24,117],"sequential":[26],"supervised":[27],"with":[29,60],"an":[30],"emphasis":[31],"on":[32,58,76,133],"recurrent":[33,130],"neural":[34],"networks.":[35,131],"To":[36,65],"evaluate":[37,123],"models":[39,55,112,148],"setting,":[44],"propose":[46],"a":[47,87],"curriculum-based,":[48],"simple,":[49],"intuitive":[51],"benchmark":[52,136],"where":[53],"trained":[57],"tasks":[59,80],"increasing":[61],"levels":[62],"difficulty.":[64],"measure":[66],"impact":[68],"catastrophic":[70,101],"forgetting,":[71],"model":[73,141],"is":[74,142],"tested":[75],"all":[77],"previous":[79],"as":[81],"it":[82],"completes":[83],"task.":[85],"As":[86],"step":[88],"toward":[89],"developing":[90],"true":[91],"systems,":[94],"unify":[96],"gradient":[97],"episodic":[98],"memory":[99],"(a":[100,107],"alleviation":[103],"approach)":[104],"Net2Net":[106],"expansion":[109],"approach).":[110],"Both":[111],"proposed":[114,135],"feedforward":[119],"networks,":[120],"feasibility":[125],"using":[127],"them":[128],"for":[129,149],"Evaluation":[132],"shows":[137],"that":[138],"unified":[140],"more":[143],"suitable":[144],"than":[145],"constituent":[147],"setting.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}