{"id":"https://openalex.org/W820180683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00882","title":"Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Classifiers","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Classifiers","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W820180683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00882","mag":"820180683","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27557100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103459938","display_name":"Daniel Mart\u00ed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29607241","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0dhs15","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120493","display_name":"Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives","ror":"https://ror.org/02dg3n954","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210120493"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Mart\u00ed","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00c9tudes Cognitives, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\u2013PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Nationale de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, 75005 Paris, France; and Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00c9tudes Cognitives, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\u2013PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Nationale de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, 75005 Paris, France; and Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210120493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081069627","display_name":"Mattia Rigotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-2810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Rigotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A., and Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, U.S.A., and Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011887658","display_name":"Mingoo Seok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-0979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingoo Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071051042","display_name":"Stefano Fusi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Fusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Neuroscience and Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Neuroscience and Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071051042","https://openalex.org/A5081069627","https://openalex.org/A5103459938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210120493","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9258642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"10","first_page":"2011","last_page":"2044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.9772765636444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/von-neumann-architecture","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","score":0.7565301060676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7095476984977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.6518534421920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5882854461669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.5184276103973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.506801426410675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49220481514930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.46881961822509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4686286747455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46297094225883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.45203036069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4419782757759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.42059633135795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4152306616306305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15431290864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11960408091545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07808703184127808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.9772765636444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80469333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189088","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","level":2,"score":0.7565301060676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7095476984977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.6518534421920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5882854461669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.5184276103973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.506801426410675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49220481514930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46881961822509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4686286747455597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46297094225883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.45203036069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4419782757759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.42059633135795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4152306616306305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15431290864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11960408091545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07808703184127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27557100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27557100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2658974192","display_name":"Paris Sciences et Lettres","funder_award_id":"ANR-10-IDEX-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5397893844","display_name":"Institute of Cognitive Studies of Ecole normale superieure","funder_award_id":"ANR-10-LABX-0087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137025655","https://openalex.org/W193120421","https://openalex.org/W1578671836","https://openalex.org/W1666962919","https://openalex.org/W1698155719","https://openalex.org/W1981153984","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1983388907","https://openalex.org/W1994020062","https://openalex.org/W1994197834","https://openalex.org/W1994971485","https://openalex.org/W2002700944","https://openalex.org/W2006286609","https://openalex.org/W2008008156","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2016708835","https://openalex.org/W2019459561","https://openalex.org/W2020217519","https://openalex.org/W2025054170","https://openalex.org/W2028100214","https://openalex.org/W2031601132","https://openalex.org/W2034602202","https://openalex.org/W2036514477","https://openalex.org/W2040429262","https://openalex.org/W2060910814","https://openalex.org/W2076184423","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2091432990","https://openalex.org/W2092001091","https://openalex.org/W2093356195","https://openalex.org/W2098221167","https://openalex.org/W2101222204","https://openalex.org/W2102397476","https://openalex.org/W2103507131","https://openalex.org/W2104572378","https://openalex.org/W2104782380","https://openalex.org/W2105452346","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115582366","https://openalex.org/W2118563516","https://openalex.org/W2118706537","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2120240539","https://openalex.org/W2123395972","https://openalex.org/W2123737232","https://openalex.org/W2125203716","https://openalex.org/W2127332912","https://openalex.org/W2130073327","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2137285073","https://openalex.org/W2138061685","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2139451965","https://openalex.org/W2141779515","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2152424459","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155377787","https://openalex.org/W2156640153","https://openalex.org/W2167697781","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W2174347865","https://openalex.org/W2294059674","https://openalex.org/W2322414352","https://openalex.org/W2404058514","https://openalex.org/W2467043670","https://openalex.org/W2600578627","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2913668833","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3141455185","https://openalex.org/W3145013517","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4240753366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313484726","https://openalex.org/W3131048845","https://openalex.org/W2954378401","https://openalex.org/W3038044676","https://openalex.org/W4308575307","https://openalex.org/W2793924511","https://openalex.org/W2616898560","https://openalex.org/W3157535122","https://openalex.org/W3014778070","https://openalex.org/W4287822961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neuromorphic":[0],"engineering":[1,39],"combines":[2],"the":[3,15,25,31,47,53,122,137,145,169,201,217],"architectural":[4],"and":[5,20,27,63,178,193,208,227],"computational":[6],"principles":[7],"of":[8,17,30,46,71,108,117,125,140,154,159,204],"systems":[9],"neuroscience":[10],"with":[11,14,130,165],"semiconductor":[12],"electronics,":[13],"aim":[16],"building":[18],"efficient":[19],"compact":[21],"devices":[22,234],"that":[23,76,90,104,128,136,158,185,216],"mimic":[24],"synaptic":[26],"neural":[28,126],"machinery":[29],"brain.":[32],"The":[33],"energy":[34,73,138,210,236],"consumptions":[35],"promised":[36],"by":[37,78,95],"neuromorphic":[38,54,102,218],"are":[40],"extremely":[41],"low,":[42],"comparable":[43,166],"to":[44,59,75,100,120],"those":[45],"nervous":[48],"system.":[49],"Until":[50],"now,":[51],"however,":[52],"approach":[55,219],"has":[56,228],"been":[57],"restricted":[58],"relatively":[60],"simple":[61],"circuits":[62,103],"specialized":[64],"functions,":[65],"thereby":[66],"obfuscating":[67],"a":[68,91,115,173],"direct":[69],"comparison":[70],"their":[72],"consumption":[74,139,237],"used":[77,223],"conventional":[79,160,232],"von":[80],"Neumann":[81],"digital":[82,161,233],"machines":[83,162],"solving":[84],"real-world":[85,110,225],"tasks.":[86],"Here":[87],"we":[88,113],"show":[89,135],"recent":[92],"technology":[93],"developed":[94],"IBM":[96,146],"can":[97,186,220],"be":[98,187,221],"leveraged":[99],"realize":[101],"operate":[105],"as":[106],"classifiers":[107,164],"complex":[109],"stimuli.":[111],"Specifically,":[112],"provide":[114],"set":[116],"general":[118],"prescriptions":[119],"enable":[121],"practical":[123],"implementation":[124],"architectures":[127],"compete":[129],"state-of-the-art":[131],"classifiers.":[132],"We":[133],"also":[134],"these":[141],"architectures,":[142],"realized":[143],"on":[144],"chip,":[147],"is":[148,238],"typically":[149],"two":[150],"or":[151,196],"more":[152,197],"orders":[153],"magnitude":[155],"lower":[156],"than":[157],"implementing":[163],"performance.":[167],"Moreover,":[168],"spike-based":[170],"dynamics":[171],"display":[172],"trade-off":[174],"between":[175],"integration":[176],"time":[177],"accuracy,":[179],"which":[180],"naturally":[181],"translates":[182],"into":[183],"algorithms":[184],"flexibly":[188],"deployed":[189],"for":[190],"either":[191],"fast":[192],"approximate":[194],"classifications,":[195],"accurate":[198],"classifications":[199],"at":[200],"mere":[202],"expense":[203],"longer":[205],"running":[206],"times":[207],"higher":[209],"costs.":[211],"This":[212],"work":[213],"finally":[214],"proves":[215],"efficiently":[222],"in":[224],"applications":[226],"significant":[229],"advantages":[230],"over":[231],"when":[235],"considered.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}