{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155217764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00682","title":"Efficient Training of Convolutional Deep Belief Networks in the Frequency Domain for Application to High-Resolution 2D and 3D Images","display_name":"Efficient Training of Convolutional Deep Belief Networks in the Frequency Domain for Application to High-Resolution 2D and 3D Images","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155217764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00682","mag":"2155217764","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055312613","display_name":"Tom Brosch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-1930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tom Brosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS/MRI Research Group, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS/MRI Research Group, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084754494","display_name":"Roger Tam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-2587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger Tam","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS/MRI Research Group, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada, and Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS/MRI Research Group, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada, and Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055312613","https://openalex.org/A5084754494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1459,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95494881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"211","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7606141567230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7574232816696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7480881810188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7149503827095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.690947949886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5304799675941467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5081336498260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.46886733174324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-belief-network","display_name":"Deep belief network","score":0.45746761560440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4398570656776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4369966983795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.4230508804321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3864712417125702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35057878494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3073233366012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12837347388267517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7606141567230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7574232816696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7480881810188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7149503827095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.690947949886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5304799675941467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5081336498260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.46886733174324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.45746761560440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4398570656776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4369966983795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.4230508804321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3864712417125702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35057878494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3073233366012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12837347388267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25380341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523493493","https://openalex.org/W1600006923","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1865800230","https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W1908634864","https://openalex.org/W1932469787","https://openalex.org/W1971014294","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2120432001","https://openalex.org/W2130325614","https://openalex.org/W2136478937","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2150534249","https://openalex.org/W2167510172","https://openalex.org/W2211483859","https://openalex.org/W2289846183","https://openalex.org/W2491410854","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2963340555","https://openalex.org/W2963574257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W3027020613","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2016533837","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,49,146],"has":[2],"traditionally":[3],"been":[4,13],"computationally":[5],"expensive,":[6],"and":[7,80,108],"advances":[8],"in":[9,20,52,66],"training":[10,42,117,120],"methods":[11],"have":[12,85],"the":[14,38,50,53,58,67,70,75,87],"prerequisite":[15],"for":[16,143,147],"improving":[17],"its":[18,24],"efficiency":[19],"order":[21],"to":[22,26,73,79,102,110,135],"expand":[23],"application":[25],"a":[27,98,131],"variety":[28],"of":[29,40,43,61,69,77,100,121,133],"image":[30,149],"classification":[31],"problems.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"letter,":[35],"we":[36],"address":[37],"problem":[39],"efficient":[41],"convolutional":[44,122],"deep":[45,123,145],"belief":[46,124],"networks":[47,125],"by":[48],"weights":[51],"frequency":[54,82],"domain,":[55],"which":[56,139],"eliminates":[57],"time-consuming":[59],"calculation":[60],"convolutions.":[62],"An":[63],"essential":[64],"consideration":[65],"design":[68],"algorithm":[71,118],"is":[72],"minimize":[74],"number":[76],"transformations":[78],"from":[81],"space.":[83],"We":[84],"evaluated":[86],"running":[88],"time":[89],"improvements":[90],"using":[91,144],"two":[92],"standard":[93],"benchmark":[94],"data":[95],"sets,":[96],"showing":[97],"speed-up":[99],"up":[101,109,134],"8":[103],"times":[104,112],"on":[105,113,126],"2D":[106],"images":[107,129],"200":[111],"3D":[114,127],"volumes.":[115],"Our":[116],"makes":[119],"medical":[128,148],"with":[130],"resolution":[132],"128\u00d7128\u00d7128":[136],"voxels":[137],"practical,":[138],"opens":[140],"new":[141],"directions":[142],"analysis.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
