{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132812175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00532","title":"Blocked 3\u00d72 Cross-Validated <i>t</i>-Test for Comparing Supervised Classification Learning Algorithms","display_name":"Blocked 3\u00d72 Cross-Validated <i>t</i>-Test for Comparing Supervised Classification Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132812175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00532","mag":"2132812175","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24102129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101939502","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5458-5513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Center of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Center of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wang Ruibo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Ruibo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Center of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Center of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038046153","display_name":"Jia Huichen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124601","display_name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02xkdev90","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210124601"]}],"countries":["CN","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Huichen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577","https://openalex.org/I4210124601"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063383376","display_name":"Jihong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-2737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Jihong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Center of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Center of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88521956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"208","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.7467593550682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.741627037525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.6609406471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-validation","display_name":"Cross-validation","score":0.649530827999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization-error","display_name":"Generalization error","score":0.643221378326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6384648680686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5918676853179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49725010991096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.45586609840393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4426833391189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4391060173511505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.41413646936416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41407352685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.30296817421913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25214552879333496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7467593550682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.741627037525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.6609406471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27181475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541014","display_name":"Cross-validation","level":2,"score":0.649530827999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117765406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437","display_name":"Generalization error","level":3,"score":0.643221378326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6384648680686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5918676853179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49725010991096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.45586609840393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4426833391189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4391060173511505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.41413646936416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41407352685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.30296817421913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25214552879333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24102129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24102129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322536","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517808374","https://openalex.org/W1631913055","https://openalex.org/W1987024366","https://openalex.org/W2005422315","https://openalex.org/W2040055636","https://openalex.org/W2074698497","https://openalex.org/W2106564640","https://openalex.org/W2120199131","https://openalex.org/W2150706391","https://openalex.org/W2158219499","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2751318774","https://openalex.org/W3123294050","https://openalex.org/W4206070770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W53044145","https://openalex.org/W1591671037","https://openalex.org/W3194295383","https://openalex.org/W1440210605","https://openalex.org/W2389159863","https://openalex.org/W2158875652","https://openalex.org/W3170996309","https://openalex.org/W4236038968","https://openalex.org/W3132254705","https://openalex.org/W3014510765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,40],"the":[1,10,13,36,43,71,83,114,122],"research":[2],"of":[3,12,15,24,42,45,68,70,116,124,131],"machine":[4,37],"learning":[5,38],"algorithms":[6,16],"for":[7,26],"classification":[8],"tasks,":[9],"comparison":[11],"performances":[14,115],"is":[17,29,54,100,110,127],"extremely":[18],"important,":[19],"and":[20,90,98],"a":[21,49],"statistical":[22],"test":[23,105,126],"significance":[25],"generalization":[27,58],"error":[28,59],"often":[30],"used":[31],"to":[32,56,112],"perform":[33],"it":[34],"in":[35,47,60,94],"literature.":[39],"view":[41],"randomness":[44],"partitions":[46],"cross-validation,":[48],"new":[50],"blocked":[51,72],"3\u00d72":[52,73],"cross-validation":[53],"proposed":[55],"estimate":[57],"this":[61,107],"letter.":[62],"We":[63],"then":[64],"conduct":[65],"an":[66],"analysis":[67],"variance":[69,79,108],"cross-validated":[74,96,133],"estimator.":[75],"A":[76,103],"relatively":[77],"conservative":[78],"estimator":[80,109],"that":[81,121,130],"considers":[82],"correlation":[84],"between":[85],"any":[86],"two":[87],"two-fold":[88],"cross-validations,":[89],"was":[91],"previously":[92],"neglected":[93],"5\u00d72":[95,132],"t":[97],"F-tests":[99],"put":[101],"forward.":[102],"corresponding":[104],"using":[106],"presented":[111],"compare":[113],"algorithms.":[117],"Simulated":[118],"results":[119],"show":[120],"performance":[123],"our":[125],"comparable":[128],"with":[129,136],"tests":[134],"but":[135],"less":[137],"computation":[138],"complexity.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}