{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029639557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00306","title":"Information Recall Using Relative Spike Timing in a Spiking Neural Network","display_name":"Information Recall Using Relative Spike Timing in a Spiking Neural Network","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029639557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00306","mag":"2029639557","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072188473","display_name":"Philip Sterne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}],"countries":["GB","SS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Sterne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RF, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RF, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072188473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210096386"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7493,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74348951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"2053","last_page":"2077"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.7981157898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.7103254199028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6618605256080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.6481682062149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.6287266612052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.5675586462020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5215325355529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4189548194408417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36577123403549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1434573531150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.0722026526927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07205754518508911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.7981157898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.7103254199028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6618605256080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.6481682062149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.6287266612052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.5675586462020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5215325355529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4189548194408417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36577123403549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1434573531150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0722026526927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07205754518508911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011939","descriptor_name":"Mental Recall","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22509970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81167575","https://openalex.org/W266383608","https://openalex.org/W1539683305","https://openalex.org/W1898014694","https://openalex.org/W1995747963","https://openalex.org/W2005156903","https://openalex.org/W2023004141","https://openalex.org/W2035774707","https://openalex.org/W2063810326","https://openalex.org/W2063851894","https://openalex.org/W2089316513","https://openalex.org/W2119259421","https://openalex.org/W2128432504","https://openalex.org/W2131215403","https://openalex.org/W2146655366","https://openalex.org/W2152428149","https://openalex.org/W2153564253","https://openalex.org/W2171349814","https://openalex.org/W2461633454","https://openalex.org/W4212952892","https://openalex.org/W4214571354","https://openalex.org/W4235189549","https://openalex.org/W4243473782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W4306175885","https://openalex.org/W4312604567","https://openalex.org/W2977464668","https://openalex.org/W2129888767","https://openalex.org/W4297619707","https://openalex.org/W4251092571","https://openalex.org/W2372020181","https://openalex.org/W4365815255","https://openalex.org/W2156531654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,47,57,118],"present":[1],"a":[2,12,17,120],"neural":[3],"network":[4,37,116],"that":[5,68,79,125,133,142],"is":[6,38],"capable":[7,39],"of":[8,33,40,54,61,64,73,86,91,102,107,115],"completing":[9],"and":[10,26,42,77,104],"correcting":[11,41],"spiking":[13],"pattern":[14],"given":[15],"only":[16,81],"partial,":[18],"noisy":[19],"version.":[20],"It":[21],"operates":[22],"in":[23,52,98],"continuous":[24],"time":[25],"represents":[27],"information":[28,55,92],"using":[29],"the":[30,49,62,65,70,82,100,105,108],"relative":[31],"timing":[32],"individual":[34,74],"spikes.":[35],"The":[36],"recalling":[43],"multiple":[44],"patterns":[45],"simultaneously.":[46],"analyze":[48],"network's":[50],"performance":[51],"terms":[53],"recall.":[56],"explore":[58],"two":[59],"measures":[60,90,114],"capacity":[63],"network:":[66],"one":[67],"values":[69,80],"accurate":[71],"recall":[72],"spike":[75,128],"times":[76,129],"another":[78],"presence":[83],"or":[84],"absence":[85],"complete":[87],"patterns.":[88],"Both":[89],"are":[93,112],"found":[94],"to":[95,130],"scale":[96],"linearly":[97],"both":[99],"number":[101],"neurons":[103],"period":[106],"patterns,":[109],"suggesting":[110],"these":[111],"natural":[113],"information.":[117],"show":[119],"smooth":[121],"transition":[122],"from":[123],"encodings":[124,132],"provide":[126],"precise":[127],"flexible":[131],"can":[134],"encode":[135],"many":[136,143],"scenes.":[137],"This":[138],"makes":[139],"it":[140],"plausible":[141],"diverse":[144],"tasks":[145],"could":[146],"be":[147],"learned":[148],"with":[149],"such":[150],"an":[151],"encoding.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
