{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106203611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00236","title":"Kernel Current Source Density Method","display_name":"Kernel Current Source Density Method","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106203611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00236","mag":"2106203611","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22091662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068182316","display_name":"Jan Potworowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16778253","display_name":"Instytut Biologii Do\u015bwiadczalnej im. Marcelego Nenckiego","ror":"https://ror.org/04waf7p94","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16778253","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Potworowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16778253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076353022","display_name":"Wit Jakuczun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wit Jakuczun","raw_affiliation_strings":["WLOG Solutions, 02-389 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WLOG Solutions, 02-389 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084730907","display_name":"Szymon \u0141\u0119ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-1907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16778253","display_name":"Instytut Biologii Do\u015bwiadczalnej im. Marcelego Nenckiego","ror":"https://ror.org/04waf7p94","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16778253","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szymon \u0141\u0229ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16778253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073099395","display_name":"Daniel K. W\u00f3jcik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0812-9872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16778253","display_name":"Instytut Biologii Do\u015bwiadczalnej im. Marcelego Nenckiego","ror":"https://ror.org/04waf7p94","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16778253","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel W\u00f3jcik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16778253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72064982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"541","last_page":"575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-source","display_name":"Current source","score":0.6033956408500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-field-potential","display_name":"Local field potential","score":0.5872664451599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.579977810382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5776475071907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5515534281730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.4896688759326935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4599314033985138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplace-operator","display_name":"Laplace operator","score":0.42910343408584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4114990532398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.3876771926879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.322091281414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28853368759155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20994463562965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2019023299217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.16901201009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07717457413673401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781331714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163768","display_name":"Current source","level":3,"score":0.6033956408500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117838684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533483","display_name":"Local field potential","level":2,"score":0.5872664451599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.579977810382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5776475071907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5515534281730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.4896688759326935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4599314033985138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165700671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203484","display_name":"Laplace operator","level":2,"score":0.42910343408584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4114990532398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3876771926879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.322091281414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28853368759155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20994463562965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2019023299217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16901201009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07717457413673401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco_a_00236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22091662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22091662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639628635","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1510073064","https://openalex.org/W1873383122","https://openalex.org/W1955575446","https://openalex.org/W1965497340","https://openalex.org/W1972133048","https://openalex.org/W1974992743","https://openalex.org/W1977463519","https://openalex.org/W1986280275","https://openalex.org/W1991359724","https://openalex.org/W2002369321","https://openalex.org/W2007495909","https://openalex.org/W2011029963","https://openalex.org/W2011472296","https://openalex.org/W2013186737","https://openalex.org/W2017325381","https://openalex.org/W2029932697","https://openalex.org/W2032773159","https://openalex.org/W2040853456","https://openalex.org/W2046152692","https://openalex.org/W2062890119","https://openalex.org/W2064869483","https://openalex.org/W2065095562","https://openalex.org/W2067702957","https://openalex.org/W2068904707","https://openalex.org/W2069003892","https://openalex.org/W2076806187","https://openalex.org/W2079886899","https://openalex.org/W2086928633","https://openalex.org/W2103888644","https://openalex.org/W2111736228","https://openalex.org/W2112463907","https://openalex.org/W2114262529","https://openalex.org/W2115545080","https://openalex.org/W2117090183","https://openalex.org/W2126796335","https://openalex.org/W2139782195","https://openalex.org/W2141257795","https://openalex.org/W2147621878","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2148849843","https://openalex.org/W2149846618","https://openalex.org/W2158993411","https://openalex.org/W2162895675","https://openalex.org/W2168814495","https://openalex.org/W2169619863","https://openalex.org/W2222261342","https://openalex.org/W2419043600","https://openalex.org/W3021795592","https://openalex.org/W3023786531","https://openalex.org/W4207073884","https://openalex.org/W4241107283","https://openalex.org/W4250543537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989700973","https://openalex.org/W2167683893","https://openalex.org/W571986424","https://openalex.org/W2153715505","https://openalex.org/W2548876300","https://openalex.org/W1980451075","https://openalex.org/W3082411872","https://openalex.org/W2022280818","https://openalex.org/W2025347688","https://openalex.org/W2169295104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Local":[0],"field":[1],"potentials":[2],"(LFP),":[3],"the":[4,15,38,46,56,101,108,112],"low-frequency":[5],"part":[6],"of":[7,14,21,40,66,82,107,129,163],"extracellular":[8,161],"electrical":[9],"recordings,":[10],"are":[11],"a":[12,53,126,154],"measure":[13],"neural":[16],"activity":[17,166],"reflecting":[18],"dendritic":[19],"processing":[20],"synaptic":[22,29],"inputs":[23],"to":[24,36],"neuronal":[25],"populations.":[26],"To":[27],"localize":[28],"dynamics,":[30],"it":[31],"is":[32,125],"convenient,":[33],"whenever":[34],"possible,":[35],"estimate":[37],"density":[39,60,118],"transmembrane":[41],"current":[42,58,116],"sources":[43],"(CSD)":[44],"generating":[45],"LFP.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49,83],"work,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"new":[54,136,145],"framework,":[55],"kernel":[57,76],"source":[59,117],"method":[61,133],"(kCSD),":[62],"for":[63,139],"nonparametric":[64],"estimation":[65],"CSD":[67,140],"from":[68,71,142],"LFP":[69],"recorded":[70],"arbitrarily":[72,148],"distributed":[73,149],"electrodes":[74,150],"using":[75],"methods.":[77],"We":[78,96,121],"test":[79],"specific":[80],"implementations":[81],"framework":[84],"on":[85,147,153],"model":[86],"data":[87],"measured":[88],"with":[89,100,111,167],"one-,":[90],"two-,":[91],"and":[92,110],"three-dimensional":[93],"multielectrode":[94],"setups.":[95],"compare":[97],"these":[98],"methods":[99,119],"traditional":[102],"approach":[103],"through":[104],"numerical":[105],"approximation":[106],"Laplacian":[109],"recently":[113],"developed":[114],"inverse":[115],"(iCSD).":[120],"show":[122],"that":[123],"iCSD":[124],"special":[127],"case":[128],"kCSD.":[130],"The":[131],"proposed":[132],"opens":[134],"up":[135],"experimental":[137],"possibilities":[138],"analysis":[141],"existing":[143],"or":[144],"recordings":[146,162],"(not":[151],"necessarily":[152],"grid),":[155],"which":[156],"can":[157],"be":[158],"obtained":[159],"in":[160],"single":[164],"unit":[165],"multiple":[168],"electrodes.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}