{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2047401517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.2009.01-09-934","title":"Phase Locking Below Rate Threshold in Noisy Model Neurons","display_name":"Phase Locking Below Rate Threshold in Noisy Model Neurons","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2047401517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.2009.01-09-934","mag":"2047401517","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19922293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco.2009.01-09-934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.2009.01-09-934","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/22/3/599/832600/neco.2009.01-09-934.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/22/3/599/832600/neco.2009.01-09-934.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026062024","display_name":"Jan A. Freund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2076-3131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129877168","display_name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/033n9gh91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan A. Freund","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICBM, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICBM, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073364691","display_name":"Alexander P. Nikitin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-2226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Nikitin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109196190","display_name":"Nigel G. Stocks","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel G. Stocks","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13006321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"599","last_page":"620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.6907675266265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locking","display_name":"Phase locking","score":0.5190535187721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4958713948726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.49586305022239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tonic","display_name":"Tonic (physiology)","score":0.4756188690662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.42503225803375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4241054356098175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuron","display_name":"Neuron","score":0.4196035861968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.37679845094680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.36782848834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3595975637435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.24141168594360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15837010741233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1046551764011383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09165316820144653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6907675266265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989183493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2040587","display_name":"Phase locking","level":3,"score":0.5190535187721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4958713948726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.49586305022239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127573956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7821376","display_name":"Tonic (physiology)","level":2,"score":0.4756188690662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.42503225803375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4241054356098175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778794669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43054","display_name":"Neuron","level":2,"score":0.4196035861968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.37679845094680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.36782848834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3595975637435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.24141168594360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15837010741233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1046551764011383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09165316820144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco.2009.01-09-934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.2009.01-09-934","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/22/3/599/832600/neco.2009.01-09-934.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19922293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19922293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural computation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/neco.2009.01-09-934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.2009.01-09-934","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/neco/article-pdf/22/3/599/832600/neco.2009.01-09-934.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207023548","display_name":"Neural Computation","issn_l":"0899-7667","issn":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2047401517.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2047401517.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W950991549","https://openalex.org/W1482223596","https://openalex.org/W1484033701","https://openalex.org/W1581840027","https://openalex.org/W1620414136","https://openalex.org/W1876386593","https://openalex.org/W1957242737","https://openalex.org/W1964812021","https://openalex.org/W1976597507","https://openalex.org/W2015791727","https://openalex.org/W2023694286","https://openalex.org/W2029924743","https://openalex.org/W2035934172","https://openalex.org/W2045448715","https://openalex.org/W2050758723","https://openalex.org/W2060766910","https://openalex.org/W2061483091","https://openalex.org/W2069121426","https://openalex.org/W2071250994","https://openalex.org/W2081019930","https://openalex.org/W2097560155","https://openalex.org/W2098328927","https://openalex.org/W2100035239","https://openalex.org/W2110316244","https://openalex.org/W2116695741","https://openalex.org/W2122939427","https://openalex.org/W2141115150","https://openalex.org/W2151906795","https://openalex.org/W2159492611","https://openalex.org/W2163550091","https://openalex.org/W2164042265","https://openalex.org/W2234625571","https://openalex.org/W2419785172","https://openalex.org/W2422401724","https://openalex.org/W3217350819","https://openalex.org/W4234011924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041310765","https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W2056136368","https://openalex.org/W2047983188","https://openalex.org/W1963483448","https://openalex.org/W2374664672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"property":[1],"of":[2,80,88,109,125,154,188],"a":[3,65,77,85,107],"neuron":[4,71],"to":[5,7,16,84,106,116,161],"phase-lock":[6],"an":[8,21,61,130],"oscillatory":[9],"stimulus":[10,18,189],"before":[11],"adapting":[12],"its":[13],"spike":[14,90],"rate":[15,39,91,171],"the":[17,25,48,70,89,123,148,159,186],"frequency":[19],"plays":[20],"important":[22],"role":[23],"for":[24,151,175],"auditory":[26],"system.":[27],"We":[28,121],"investigate":[29],"under":[30],"which":[31,112,136],"conditions":[32],"neurons":[33,46],"exhibit":[34],"this":[35,42,103,126],"phase":[36,168],"locking":[37,169],"below":[38,170],"threshold.":[40],"To":[41],"end,":[43],"we":[44,57,101,146,181],"simulate":[45],"employing":[47],"widely":[49],"used":[50],"leaky":[51],"integrate-and-fire":[52],"(LIF)":[53],"model.":[54],"Tuning":[55],"parameters,":[56],"can":[58,92],"arrange":[59],"either":[60],"irregular":[62],"spontaneous":[63],"or":[64],"tonic":[66],"spiking":[67],"mode.":[68],"When":[69],"is":[72],"stimulated":[73],"in":[74,185],"both":[75],"modes,":[76],"significant":[78],"rise":[79],"vector":[81],"strength":[82],"prior":[83],"noticeable":[86],"change":[87],"be":[93,117],"observed.":[94],"Combining":[95],"analytic":[96],"reasoning":[97],"with":[98,133],"numerical":[99],"simulations,":[100],"trace":[102],"observation":[104],"back":[105],"modulation":[108],"interspike":[110,142],"intervals,":[111],"itself":[113],"requires":[114],"spikes":[115],"only":[118],"loosely":[119],"coupled.":[120],"test":[122],"limits":[124],"conception":[127],"by":[128],"simulating":[129],"LIF":[131,149],"model":[132],"threshold":[134,172],"fatigue,":[135],"generates":[137],"pronounced":[138],"anticorrelations":[139],"between":[140],"subsequent":[141],"intervals.":[143],"In":[144],"addition":[145],"evaluate":[147],"response":[150],"harmonic":[152],"stimuli":[153],"various":[155],"frequencies":[156],"and":[157],"discuss":[158,182],"extension":[160],"more":[162],"complex":[163],"stimuli.":[164,179],"It":[165],"seems":[166],"that":[167],"occurs":[173],"generically":[174],"all":[176],"zero":[177],"mean":[178],"Finally,":[180],"our":[183],"findings":[184],"context":[187],"detection.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
