{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400524253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02214","title":"Word Type and Frequency Effects on Lexical Decisions Are Process-dependent and Start Early","display_name":"Word Type and Frequency Effects on Lexical Decisions Are Process-dependent and Start Early","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400524253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02214","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38991140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02214","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015687145","display_name":"Joshua Krause","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3165-2584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Krause","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3165-2584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067710248","display_name":"Jacolien van Rij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-5647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacolien van Rij","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-5647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047208930","display_name":"Jelmer P. Borst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4493-8223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelmer P. Borst","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4493-8223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015687145"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.746,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96947595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"10","first_page":"2227","last_page":"2250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.8280030488967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5485823154449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5169162750244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-access","display_name":"Lexical access","score":0.49580225348472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49220314621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-lists-by-frequency","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","score":0.4539257884025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-decision-task","display_name":"Lexical decision task","score":0.43368983268737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.4298091232776642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.38083475828170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32825160026550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.1902998685836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13440746068954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1300397515296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.0903695821762085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8280030488967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5485823154449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5169162750244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987487971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexical access","level":3,"score":0.49580225348472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49220314621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175293574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697133","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","level":3,"score":0.4539257884025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126398093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202238","display_name":"Lexical decision task","level":3,"score":0.43368983268737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.4298091232776642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.38083475828170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32825160026550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.1902998685836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13440746068954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1300397515296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.0903695821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011578","descriptor_name":"Psycholinguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011578","descriptor_name":"Psycholinguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011578","descriptor_name":"Psycholinguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38991140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38991140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/2a68f31a-1bf8-41d8-9617-8150b17ee203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/2a68f31a-1bf8-41d8-9617-8150b17ee203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Krause, J, van Rij, J & Borst, J P 2024, 'Word Type and Frequency Effects on Lexical Decisions Are Process-dependent and Start Early', Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2227-2250. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02214","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/2a68f31a-1bf8-41d8-9617-8150b17ee203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/2a68f31a-1bf8-41d8-9617-8150b17ee203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Krause, J, van Rij, J & Borst, J P 2024, 'Word Type and Frequency Effects on Lexical Decisions Are Process-dependent and Start Early', Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2227-2250. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02214","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1196498311","https://openalex.org/W1519165391","https://openalex.org/W1536620489","https://openalex.org/W1872197921","https://openalex.org/W1967073902","https://openalex.org/W1971434695","https://openalex.org/W1975165999","https://openalex.org/W1983737871","https://openalex.org/W1991242288","https://openalex.org/W1991902745","https://openalex.org/W1993889244","https://openalex.org/W1997161938","https://openalex.org/W2003384775","https://openalex.org/W2010219516","https://openalex.org/W2010734104","https://openalex.org/W2011828132","https://openalex.org/W2012575176","https://openalex.org/W2012825346","https://openalex.org/W2016479629","https://openalex.org/W2020220682","https://openalex.org/W2022963108","https://openalex.org/W2024839215","https://openalex.org/W2030831236","https://openalex.org/W2039802720","https://openalex.org/W2040187703","https://openalex.org/W2047662473","https://openalex.org/W2050189294","https://openalex.org/W2053127376","https://openalex.org/W2053362255","https://openalex.org/W2059815265","https://openalex.org/W2066286707","https://openalex.org/W2073257493","https://openalex.org/W2076618452","https://openalex.org/W2076621986","https://openalex.org/W2081083728","https://openalex.org/W2095122965","https://openalex.org/W2098418070","https://openalex.org/W2105544393","https://openalex.org/W2105783304","https://openalex.org/W2110274942","https://openalex.org/W2113676135","https://openalex.org/W2114863284","https://openalex.org/W2116767313","https://openalex.org/W2119160928","https://openalex.org/W2120907531","https://openalex.org/W2125256154","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2128536820","https://openalex.org/W2132193240","https://openalex.org/W2134160462","https://openalex.org/W2149095431","https://openalex.org/W2159217138","https://openalex.org/W2160153305","https://openalex.org/W2165943343","https://openalex.org/W2168850177","https://openalex.org/W2291672544","https://openalex.org/W2317159489","https://openalex.org/W2345477049","https://openalex.org/W2415155039","https://openalex.org/W2490901332","https://openalex.org/W2535385559","https://openalex.org/W2579858764","https://openalex.org/W2593643174","https://openalex.org/W2780686967","https://openalex.org/W2794542090","https://openalex.org/W2800552387","https://openalex.org/W2916373158","https://openalex.org/W3003814985","https://openalex.org/W3111661932","https://openalex.org/W3112717819","https://openalex.org/W3158702475","https://openalex.org/W3160558516","https://openalex.org/W4220773328","https://openalex.org/W4233862346","https://openalex.org/W4239952295","https://openalex.org/W4243053762","https://openalex.org/W4249303080","https://openalex.org/W4301182402","https://openalex.org/W4386502672","https://openalex.org/W4389142554","https://openalex.org/W4391178042","https://openalex.org/W4393342370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970370987","https://openalex.org/W2046334615","https://openalex.org/W2127709934","https://openalex.org/W4390986482","https://openalex.org/W2106821912","https://openalex.org/W2081709670","https://openalex.org/W2157234369","https://openalex.org/W2987013002","https://openalex.org/W2115888644","https://openalex.org/W2053362255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"encountering":[1],"letter":[2],"strings,":[3],"we":[4],"rapidly":[5],"determine":[6],"whether":[7],"they":[8],"are":[9],"words.":[10],"The":[11],"speed":[12],"of":[13,44,51,69,93,116,176],"such":[14],"lexical":[15],"decisions":[16],"(LDs)":[17],"is":[18],"affected":[19,154],"by":[20,59,148,156,181],"word":[21,95,109,184],"frequency.":[22,157],"Apart":[23],"from":[24],"influencing":[25],"late,":[26],"decision-related,":[27],"processing":[28,43,64,127],"stages,":[29,39,125],"frequency":[30,54,98,162],"has":[31],"also":[32],"been":[33],"shown":[34],"to":[35,78,88],"affect":[36],"very":[37],"early":[38],"and":[40,73,81,96,170,174,183],"even":[41],"the":[42,52,91,112,123,172],"nonwords.":[45,139],"We":[46,103,158],"developed":[47],"a":[48,67],"detailed":[49],"account":[50],"different":[53],"effects":[55,178],"involved":[56,142,167],"in":[57,168],"LDs":[58,62,169],"(1)":[60],"dividing":[61],"into":[63],"stages":[65,106,141],"using":[66,83],"combination":[68],"hidden":[70],"semi-Markov":[71],"models":[72,87],"multivariate":[74],"pattern":[75],"analysis":[76],"applied":[77],"EEG":[79],"data":[80],"(2)":[82],"generalized":[84],"additive":[85],"mixed":[86],"investigate":[89],"how":[90],"effect":[92],"continuous":[94],"nonword":[97],"differs":[99],"between":[100,108],"these":[101,177],"stages.":[102],"discovered":[104],"six":[105],"shared":[107],"types,":[110],"with":[111],"fifth":[113],"stage":[114],"consisting":[115],"two":[117],"substages":[118],"for":[119,131,137],"pseudowords":[120],"only.":[121],"In":[122],"earliest":[124],"visual":[126],"was":[128],"completed":[129],"faster":[130],"frequent":[132],"words,":[133],"but":[134],"took":[135],"longer":[136],"word-like":[138],"Later":[140],"an":[143,149],"orthographic":[144],"familiarity":[145],"assessment":[146],"followed":[147],"elaborate":[150],"decision":[151],"process,":[152],"both":[153,180],"differently":[155],"therefore":[159],"conclude":[160],"that":[161,171],"indeed":[163],"affects":[164],"all":[165],"processes":[166],"magnitude":[173],"direction":[175],"differ":[179],"process":[182],"type.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-01-25T23:04:38.658462","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
