{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400117685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02209","title":"Needing: An Active Inference Process for Physiological Motivation","display_name":"Needing: An Active Inference Process for Physiological Motivation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400117685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02209","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38940737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02209","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article-pdf/36/9/2011/2464933/jocn_a_02209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article-pdf/36/9/2011/2464933/jocn_a_02209.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074294712","display_name":"Juvenal Bosulu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2787-6411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127220","display_name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation","ror":"https://ror.org/031yz7195","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juvenal Bosulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114146313","display_name":"Giovanni Pezzulo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166865","display_name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/05w9g2j85","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210166865"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Pezzulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR), Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR), Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166865"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055374951","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien H\u00e9tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-931X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127220","display_name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation","ror":"https://ror.org/031yz7195","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien H\u00e9tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074294712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127220","https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57063194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"9","first_page":"2011","last_page":"2028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.8142744302749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7941324710845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6417539119720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.6155840158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5535359382629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.540565550327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/through-the-lens-metering","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","score":0.4453050494194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organism","display_name":"Organism","score":0.4362737238407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-system","display_name":"Reward system","score":0.43267500400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.39997321367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2639209032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.2354285717010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.22743165493011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2046155333518982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.8142744302749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7941324710845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6417539119720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6155840158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5535359382629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.540565550327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.4453050494194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137858568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239","display_name":"Organism","level":2,"score":0.4362737238407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143661069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670713","display_name":"Reward system","level":2,"score":0.43267500400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.39997321367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2639209032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2354285717010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.22743165493011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2046155333518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008960","descriptor_name":"Models, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02209","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article-pdf/36/9/2011/2464933/jocn_a_02209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38940737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38940737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02209","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article-pdf/36/9/2011/2464933/jocn_a_02209.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400117685.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31659055","https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1418557530","https://openalex.org/W1603857261","https://openalex.org/W1620203002","https://openalex.org/W1781576227","https://openalex.org/W1971715144","https://openalex.org/W1975401347","https://openalex.org/W1991237783","https://openalex.org/W2016865357","https://openalex.org/W2022045734","https://openalex.org/W2023732657","https://openalex.org/W2026008760","https://openalex.org/W2045105731","https://openalex.org/W2081155210","https://openalex.org/W2088443095","https://openalex.org/W2097552217","https://openalex.org/W2098766452","https://openalex.org/W2101448098","https://openalex.org/W2117726420","https://openalex.org/W2135220031","https://openalex.org/W2137411342","https://openalex.org/W2142110758","https://openalex.org/W2142213531","https://openalex.org/W2147008239","https://openalex.org/W2148764920","https://openalex.org/W2154486938","https://openalex.org/W2163805252","https://openalex.org/W2171592792","https://openalex.org/W2208959019","https://openalex.org/W2214962513","https://openalex.org/W2256579357","https://openalex.org/W2303400061","https://openalex.org/W2321055424","https://openalex.org/W2338680536","https://openalex.org/W2344251274","https://openalex.org/W2480573511","https://openalex.org/W2487932641","https://openalex.org/W2515552584","https://openalex.org/W2538626945","https://openalex.org/W2552810632","https://openalex.org/W2561208860","https://openalex.org/W2790892419","https://openalex.org/W2890468836","https://openalex.org/W2944459080","https://openalex.org/W2971592235","https://openalex.org/W3000715106","https://openalex.org/W3003886363","https://openalex.org/W3019918398","https://openalex.org/W3041179078","https://openalex.org/W3085669021","https://openalex.org/W3118769118","https://openalex.org/W3130555712","https://openalex.org/W3207011589","https://openalex.org/W4200056294","https://openalex.org/W4220781249","https://openalex.org/W4226400653","https://openalex.org/W4234515901","https://openalex.org/W4253401278","https://openalex.org/W4292542163","https://openalex.org/W4293212498","https://openalex.org/W4301042878","https://openalex.org/W4303449038","https://openalex.org/W4385556413","https://openalex.org/W4390815577","https://openalex.org/W6601307223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236382845","https://openalex.org/W4388712630","https://openalex.org/W2481168998","https://openalex.org/W2476994687","https://openalex.org/W642988558","https://openalex.org/W2324507472","https://openalex.org/W2511141457","https://openalex.org/W1999899047","https://openalex.org/W2173353921","https://openalex.org/W2810824260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Need":[0],"states":[1,4,63,132,139,148,153],"are":[2],"internal":[3],"that":[5,30,61,99,113,129],"arise":[6],"from":[7,85],"deprivation":[8],"of":[9,17,42,49,82,109,120,125,142,152,168,188],"crucial":[10],"biological":[11],"stimuli.":[12,34,203],"They":[13],"direct":[14],"motivation,":[15],"independently":[16,141],"external":[18,33,143],"learning.":[19],"Despite":[20],"their":[21,162],"separate":[22],"origin,":[23],"they":[24],"interact":[25],"with":[26,201],"reward":[27,144,169],"processing":[28],"systems":[29],"respond":[31],"to":[32,38,77,101,136,158,164],"This":[35],"article":[36],"aims":[37],"illuminate":[39],"the":[40,43,47,69,83,86,121,134,150,166,183,196],"functioning":[41],"needing":[44,93],"system":[45],"through":[46],"lens":[48],"active":[50,73,96],"inference,":[51],"a":[52,65,78,107],"framework":[53],"for":[54],"understanding":[55],"brain":[56],"and":[57,123,155,171,177,185],"cognition.":[58],"We":[59,127],"propose":[60],"need":[62,131,147,189],"exert":[64],"pervasive":[66,104],"influence":[67,187,194],"on":[68],"organism,":[70],"which":[71],"in":[72],"inference":[74,97],"terms":[75],"translates":[76],"\"pervasive":[79],"surprise\"-a":[80],"measure":[81],"distance":[84],"organism's":[87],"preferred":[88,138,159],"state.":[89],"Crucially,":[90],"we":[91,111],"define":[92],"as":[94,130],"an":[95],"process":[98],"seeks":[100],"reduce":[102],"this":[103,193],"surprise.":[105],"Through":[106],"series":[108],"simulations,":[110],"demonstrate":[112],"our":[114,175],"proposal":[115],"successfully":[116],"captures":[117],"key":[118],"aspects":[119],"phenomenology":[122],"neurobiology":[124],"needing.":[126],"show":[128],"increase,":[133],"tendency":[135],"occupy":[137],"strengthens,":[140],"prediction.":[145],"Furthermore,":[146],"increase":[149],"precision":[151],"(stimuli":[154],"actions)":[156],"leading":[157],"states,":[160,190],"suggesting":[161],"ability":[163],"amplify":[165],"value":[167],"cues":[170],"rewards":[172],"themselves.":[173],"Collectively,":[174],"model":[176],"simulations":[178],"provide":[179],"valuable":[180],"insights":[181],"into":[182],"directional":[184],"underlying":[186],"revealing":[191],"how":[192],"amplifies":[195],"wanting":[197],"or":[198],"liking":[199],"associated":[200],"relevant":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-23T05:10:03.516525","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
