{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399303345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02190","title":"Event-related Potential Measures of Visual Word Processing in Monolingual and Bilingual Children and Adults: A Focus on Word Frequency Effects","display_name":"Event-related Potential Measures of Visual Word Processing in Monolingual and Bilingual Children and Adults: A Focus on Word Frequency Effects","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399303345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02190","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38829713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099001323","display_name":"Alexander W. D. McArthur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander W. D. McArthur","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057695336","display_name":"Veronica Whitford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-9929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106938459","display_name":"University of New Brunswick","ror":"https://ror.org/05nkf0n29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronica Whitford","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Brunswick"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Brunswick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046207778","display_name":"Marc F. Joanisse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-291X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc F. Joanisse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099001323"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72608555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"7","first_page":"1493","last_page":"1522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n400","display_name":"N400","score":0.8632158637046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.8220020532608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-decision-task","display_name":"Lexical decision task","score":0.565339982509613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5585290193557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-correlates-of-consciousness","display_name":"Neural correlates of consciousness","score":0.5569255948066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-lists-by-frequency","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","score":0.5534979701042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience-of-multilingualism","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","score":0.5404430627822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-related-potential","display_name":"Event-related potential","score":0.5252962708473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4546329379081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.4032517373561859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.39257946610450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3592212498188019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.26998016238212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.1532629430294037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181598458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969643","display_name":"N400","level":4,"score":0.8632158637046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8220020532608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126398093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202238","display_name":"Lexical decision task","level":3,"score":0.565339982509613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5585290193557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129564537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460873","display_name":"Neural correlates of consciousness","level":3,"score":0.5569255948066711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175293574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697133","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","level":3,"score":0.5534979701042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49876356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002651","display_name":"Neuroscience of multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.5404430627822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67359045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14026181","display_name":"Event-related potential","level":3,"score":0.5252962708473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4546329379081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4032517373561859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.39257946610450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3592212498188019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.26998016238212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.1532629430294037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019303","descriptor_name":"Multilingualism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019303","descriptor_name":"Multilingualism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019303","descriptor_name":"Multilingualism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019303","descriptor_name":"Multilingualism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38829713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38829713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123508791","https://openalex.org/W1495655362","https://openalex.org/W1536620489","https://openalex.org/W1555355596","https://openalex.org/W1556951712","https://openalex.org/W1568638707","https://openalex.org/W1593509093","https://openalex.org/W1668710713","https://openalex.org/W1902735068","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1955927543","https://openalex.org/W1962642136","https://openalex.org/W1965426915","https://openalex.org/W1967325873","https://openalex.org/W1977462863","https://openalex.org/W1980738128","https://openalex.org/W1981296377","https://openalex.org/W1984156654","https://openalex.org/W1988900546","https://openalex.org/W1991488599","https://openalex.org/W1997161938","https://openalex.org/W1997511667","https://openalex.org/W2008457707","https://openalex.org/W2011035448","https://openalex.org/W2011828132","https://openalex.org/W2014307400","https://openalex.org/W2016209847","https://openalex.org/W2017209328","https://openalex.org/W2027988302","https://openalex.org/W2029568726","https://openalex.org/W2032962364","https://openalex.org/W2037171050","https://openalex.org/W2037895500","https://openalex.org/W2039311355","https://openalex.org/W2039942886","https://openalex.org/W2042203085","https://openalex.org/W2047744555","https://openalex.org/W2049882670","https://openalex.org/W2050123696","https://openalex.org/W2056667867","https://openalex.org/W2070741698","https://openalex.org/W2073137935","https://openalex.org/W2074124963","https://openalex.org/W2077442692","https://openalex.org/W2082165867","https://openalex.org/W2088572966","https://openalex.org/W2089876477","https://openalex.org/W2094515066","https://openalex.org/W2103639157","https://openalex.org/W2105266313","https://openalex.org/W2107336128","https://openalex.org/W2108666827","https://openalex.org/W2110617696","https://openalex.org/W2113676135","https://openalex.org/W2116978418","https://openalex.org/W2119012891","https://openalex.org/W2123069960","https://openalex.org/W2123163997","https://openalex.org/W2124218692","https://openalex.org/W2125171710","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2128536820","https://openalex.org/W2131847914","https://openalex.org/W2132788597","https://openalex.org/W2141138276","https://openalex.org/W2141845152","https://openalex.org/W2145658718","https://openalex.org/W2147899425","https://openalex.org/W2155603721","https://openalex.org/W2157561140","https://openalex.org/W2157611875","https://openalex.org/W2161583812","https://openalex.org/W2163439490","https://openalex.org/W2163760076","https://openalex.org/W2168979204","https://openalex.org/W2237975323","https://openalex.org/W2506660467","https://openalex.org/W2527779037","https://openalex.org/W2563355438","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2596405055","https://openalex.org/W2599754481","https://openalex.org/W2730615776","https://openalex.org/W2768225677","https://openalex.org/W2783948250","https://openalex.org/W2804286986","https://openalex.org/W2872183424","https://openalex.org/W2890979202","https://openalex.org/W2891311386","https://openalex.org/W2928460529","https://openalex.org/W2969357993","https://openalex.org/W2995152993","https://openalex.org/W3016455283","https://openalex.org/W3046379632","https://openalex.org/W3080363149","https://openalex.org/W3129557550","https://openalex.org/W4239916231","https://openalex.org/W4239952295","https://openalex.org/W4281894115","https://openalex.org/W4298742451","https://openalex.org/W4301812809","https://openalex.org/W6607468492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970370987","https://openalex.org/W2172157752","https://openalex.org/W2119931367","https://openalex.org/W1975679940","https://openalex.org/W1846201653","https://openalex.org/W4390986482","https://openalex.org/W2330237919","https://openalex.org/W1995698589","https://openalex.org/W1995449217","https://openalex.org/W2151191666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"does":[1],"language":[2,94],"background":[3],"influence":[4],"the":[5,52,65,127,159],"neural":[6,160],"correlates":[7,161],"of":[8,54,59,139,162],"visual":[9,32,163],"word":[10,33,55,76,106,164],"recognition":[11,165],"in":[12,35,109,118],"children?":[13],"To":[14],"address":[15],"this":[16],"question,":[17],"we":[18,49,70,102],"used":[19],"an":[20],"ERP":[21,67,121],"lexical":[22,60],"decision":[23],"task":[24],"to":[25,89,123],"examine":[26],"first-language":[27],"(L1)":[28],"and":[29,37,41,64,85,132,141,168],"second-language":[30],"(L2)":[31],"processing":[34],"monolingual":[36],"bilingual":[38,80,128],"school-aged":[39],"children":[40],"young":[42],"adults":[43],"(n":[44],"=":[45],"123).":[46],"In":[47],"particular,":[48],"focused":[50],"on":[51,62],"effects":[53,78,108],"frequency":[56,77,107],"(an":[57],"index":[58],"accessibility)":[61],"RTs":[63],"N400":[66],"component.":[68],"Behaviorally,":[69],"found":[71,103],"larger":[72,104],"L1":[73,105,131,152],"versus":[74,111],"L2":[75,133,143,156],"among":[79],"children,":[81],"driven":[82],"by":[83],"faster":[84],"more":[86,119],"accurate":[87],"responses":[88],"higher-frequency":[90],"words":[91,134],"(no":[92],"other":[93],"or":[95],"age":[96,115],"group":[97],"differences":[98],"were":[99],"observed).":[100],"Neurophysiologically,":[101],"bilinguals":[110],"monolinguals":[112],"(across":[113],"both":[114],"groups),":[116],"reflected":[117],"negative":[120],"amplitudes":[122],"lower-frequency":[124],"words.":[125],"However,":[126],"groups":[129],"processed":[130],"similarly,":[135],"despite":[136],"lower":[137],"levels":[138],"subjective":[140],"objective":[142],"proficiency.":[144],"Taken":[145],"together,":[146],"our":[147],"findings":[148],"suggest":[149],"that":[150],"divided":[151],"experience":[153],"(but":[154],"not":[155],"experience)":[157],"influences":[158],"across":[166],"childhood":[167],"adulthood.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}