{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150835466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00778","title":"Making Cognitive Latent Variables Manifest: Distinct Neural Networks for Fluid Reasoning and Processing Speed","display_name":"Making Cognitive Latent Variables Manifest: Distinct Neural Networks for Fluid Reasoning and Processing Speed","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150835466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00778","mag":"2150835466","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25539045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416986","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049228057","display_name":"Christian Habeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-7446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Habeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060556776","display_name":"Jason Steffener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-7526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Steffener","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022739964","display_name":"Daniel Barulli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Barulli","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079122936","display_name":"Yunglin Gazes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-3438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunglin Gazes","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090360945","display_name":"Qolamreza Razlighi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-8062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qolamreza Razlighi","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029611240","display_name":"Danielle Shaked","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-7698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danielle Shaked","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020397995","display_name":"Timothy A. Salthouse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Salthouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Universityof Virginia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Universityof Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032025339","display_name":"Yaakov Stern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-3241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaakov Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049228057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68639408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"1249","last_page":"1258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.8260320425033569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.770854115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.6894636750221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6024463176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5871157050132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5223749279975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-cognitive-task","display_name":"Elementary cognitive task","score":0.5213790535926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable","display_name":"Latent variable","score":0.4519701302051544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.3635297417640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.20126870274543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1608080267906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10854792594909668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8260320425033569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.770854115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6894636750221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6024463176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5871157050132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5223749279975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119653847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327780","display_name":"Elementary cognitive task","level":3,"score":0.5213790535926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51167844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623","display_name":"Latent variable","level":2,"score":0.4519701302051544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3635297417640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.20126870274543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1608080267906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10854792594909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013850","descriptor_name":"Thinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013850","descriptor_name":"Thinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013850","descriptor_name":"Thinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123144817","display_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","issn_l":"0898-929X","issn":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25539045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25539045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:academiccommons.columbia.edu:10.7916/D8W095Q0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/D8W095Q0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4416986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Cogn Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.7916/d8w095q0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8w095q0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4416986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Cogn Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8027765259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 AG038465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8994563740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG038465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1028975608","https://openalex.org/W1784528939","https://openalex.org/W1980858895","https://openalex.org/W1984450228","https://openalex.org/W2009879753","https://openalex.org/W2010736369","https://openalex.org/W2011987095","https://openalex.org/W2025642774","https://openalex.org/W2036323612","https://openalex.org/W2066135058","https://openalex.org/W2066269182","https://openalex.org/W2077268238","https://openalex.org/W2088055785","https://openalex.org/W2108983720","https://openalex.org/W2109033202","https://openalex.org/W2145902491","https://openalex.org/W2147771614","https://openalex.org/W2150408076","https://openalex.org/W2159406061","https://openalex.org/W2170985506","https://openalex.org/W2297668248","https://openalex.org/W2323828018","https://openalex.org/W2418077091","https://openalex.org/W4296590278","https://openalex.org/W6697643445","https://openalex.org/W6825944415","https://openalex.org/W7075592109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W105461641","https://openalex.org/W3117570717","https://openalex.org/W2103122899","https://openalex.org/W2822143129","https://openalex.org/W2069273494","https://openalex.org/W1992180839","https://openalex.org/W3169961616","https://openalex.org/W2163352035","https://openalex.org/W3163155580","https://openalex.org/W2567424943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"psychologists":[1],"posit":[2],"several":[3],"specific":[4,20,71],"cognitive":[5,13,22,37,57,67,84,131,136,254],"abilities":[6,38,152],"that":[7,16,34,83,103,245,268],"are":[8,24,39,48,239,269,274],"measured":[9],"with":[10,27,139],"sets":[11],"of":[12,104,117,157,192,200,235,250,259,262],"tasks.":[14],"Tasks":[15],"purportedly":[17],"tap":[18,35],"a":[19,70,76,97,177,222,287],"underlying":[21,236],"ability":[23,73,88,166,213],"strongly":[25,41,240],"correlated":[26],"one":[28,87,165],"another,":[29],"whereas":[30],"performances":[31],"on":[32,144,154],"tasks":[33,68,85,105,147,161,173,206,218,255,273],"different":[36,178,223,299],"less":[40],"correlated.":[42],"For":[43],"these":[44,145],"reasons,":[45],"latent":[46,60,72,279],"variables":[47,61],"often":[49],"considered":[50],"optimal":[51],"for":[52,205,217,227,284],"describing":[53],"individual":[54,158],"differences":[55,159,246],"in":[56,106,124,184,247,264,294],"abilities.":[58],"Although":[59],"cannot":[62],"be":[63,257],"directly":[64],"observed,":[65],"all":[66],"representing":[69,86,134],"should":[74],"have":[75],"common":[77],"neural":[78,98,266,296],"underpinning.":[79],"Here,":[80],"we":[81],"show":[82],"(i.e.,":[89],"either":[90],"perceptual":[91],"speed":[92],"or":[93],"fluid":[94],"reasoning)":[95],"had":[96],"activation":[99,195,203,237,297],"pattern":[100],"distinct":[101],"from":[102],"the":[107,115,150,185,189,193,201,210,248,260,265,272,278,295],"other":[108],"ability.":[109,137,179,225],"One":[110],"hundred":[111],"six":[112,130,146],"participants":[113],"between":[114,252],"ages":[116],"20":[118],"and":[119,160,232],"77":[120],"years":[121],"were":[122],"imaged":[123],"an":[125],"fMRI":[126],"scanner":[127],"while":[128],"performing":[129],"tasks,":[132],"three":[133],"each":[135],"Consistent":[138],"prior":[140],"research,":[141],"behavioral":[142,231,288],"performance":[143],"clustered":[148],"into":[149],"two":[151],"based":[153],"their":[155],"patterns":[156,238],"postulated":[162,174,207,219,281],"to":[163,175,188,208,220,282],"represent":[164,176],"showed":[167],"higher":[168,215],"similarity":[169,199],"across":[170,298],"individuals":[171],"than":[172,216],"This":[180],"finding":[181],"was":[182,214],"extended":[183],"current":[186],"report":[187],"spatial":[190],"resemblance":[191],"task-related":[194],"patterns:":[196],"The":[197],"topographic":[198,233,292],"mean":[202],"maps":[204],"reflect":[209,221,291],"same":[211],"reference":[212,224],"Furthermore,":[226],"any":[228],"task":[229],"pairing,":[230],"similarities":[234,293],"linked.":[241],"These":[242],"findings":[243],"suggest":[244],"strengths":[249],"correlations":[251,285],"various":[253],"may":[256,290],"because":[258],"degree":[261],"overlap":[263],"structures":[267],"active":[270],"when":[271],"being":[275],"performed.":[276],"Thus,":[277],"variable":[280],"account":[283],"at":[286],"level":[289],"brain":[300],"regions.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}