{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884073500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00021","title":"Digital protocells with dynamic size, position, and topology","display_name":"Digital protocells with dynamic size, position, and topology","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884073500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00021","mag":"2884073500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/isal_a_00021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014696096","display_name":"David H. Ackley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David H. Ackley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014696096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48300405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocell","display_name":"Protocell","score":0.7291515469551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5683610439300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5400451421737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.48781922459602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.41419756412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13962247967720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12631714344024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10774549841880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06317749619483948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114032466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389465","display_name":"Protocell","level":3,"score":0.7291515469551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5683610439300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5400451421737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.48781922459602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.41419756412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13962247967720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12631714344024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10774549841880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06317749619483948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/isal_a_00021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309070","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1675665627","https://openalex.org/W1999612151","https://openalex.org/W2017369466","https://openalex.org/W2046681480","https://openalex.org/W2110607490","https://openalex.org/W2130707354","https://openalex.org/W2152701269","https://openalex.org/W2558813495","https://openalex.org/W2913808704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2488224828","https://openalex.org/W2998115572","https://openalex.org/W2033867172","https://openalex.org/W4324018125","https://openalex.org/W2499941174","https://openalex.org/W3119990432","https://openalex.org/W2330839048","https://openalex.org/W2089133784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"spatial":[1,103],"computational":[2],"models":[3],"such":[4,70,127],"as":[5,71,128],"cellular":[6],"automata":[7],"(CA),":[8],"designing":[9],"mobile":[10],"objects":[11],"larger":[12],"than":[13],"the":[14,20,46,51,107],"CA":[15,49],"neighborhood":[16],"is":[17,112],"challenging":[18],"when":[19],"object":[21],"properties":[22],"and":[23,40,131],"dynamics":[24],"are":[25],"incompletely":[26],"specified":[27],"in":[28,92],"advance.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"introduces":[32],"C211,":[33],"a":[34,93],"two-dimensional":[35],"digital":[36],"\u2018protocell\u2019":[37],"with":[38],"life-like":[39],"potentially":[41],"useful":[42],"features,":[43],"designed":[44],"for":[45,120],"best-effort":[47],"asynchronous":[48],"called":[50,97],"Movable":[52],"Feast":[53],"Machine":[54],"(MFM).":[55],"The":[56],"protocell":[57],"consists":[58],"of":[59],"an":[60,76],"amorphous":[61],"variable-density":[62],"\u2018cytoplasm\u2019":[63],"that":[64,115],"uses":[65],"gossiping":[66],"to":[67,86,106,122],"coordinate":[68],"operations":[69],"cell":[72,129],"movements,":[73],"surrounded":[74],"by":[75],"asymmetric":[77],"\u2018bilayer":[78],"membrane\u2019":[79],"providing":[80],"some":[81],"environmental":[82],"isolation":[83],"while":[84],"adapting":[85],"cytoplasmic":[87],"dynamics.":[88],"C211":[89],"was":[90,118],"engineered":[91],"new":[94],"\u2018little":[95],"language\u2019":[96],"SPLAT,":[98],"which":[99],"adds":[100],"discrete":[101],"2D":[102],"pattern":[104],"transforms":[105],"ulam":[108],"programming":[109],"language.":[110],"SPLAT":[111],"expressive":[113],"enough":[114],"minimal":[116],"code":[117],"required,":[119],"example,":[121],"enable":[123],"membrane":[124],"topology":[125],"changes":[126],"splitting":[130],"fusion.":[132],"C211\u2019s":[133],"cytoplasm":[134],"maintains":[135],"internal":[136],"state":[137],"but":[138],"leaves":[139],"do...":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
