{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2746318363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00203","title":"On Constructing Ensembles for Combinatorial Optimisation","display_name":"On Constructing Ensembles for Combinatorial Optimisation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2746318363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00203","mag":"2746318363","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28072555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/evco_a_00203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://napier-repository.worktribe.com/preview/444829/ensemblesForOptimisationEmpirical.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006992974","display_name":"Emma Hart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emma Hart","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH10, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH10, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059180650","display_name":"Kevin Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-7721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH10, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH10, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006992974","https://openalex.org/A5059180650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7552,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88545844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7340593934059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.692999005317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6017487049102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.583221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5391720533370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5018301010131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.48798102140426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.4582916498184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0720076858997345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7340593934059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.692999005317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6017487049102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.583221435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5391720533370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5018301010131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.48798102140426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.4582916498184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0720076858997345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/evco_a_00203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28072555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28072555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:444826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/444826/1/On%20Constructing%20Ensembles%20for%20Combinatorial%20Optimisation","pdf_url":"https://napier-repository.worktribe.com/preview/444829/ensemblesForOptimisationEmpirical.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:444826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/444826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:444826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/444826/1/On%20Constructing%20Ensembles%20for%20Combinatorial%20Optimisation","pdf_url":"https://napier-repository.worktribe.com/preview/444829/ensemblesForOptimisationEmpirical.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2746318363.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2746318363.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495775210","https://openalex.org/W1507763842","https://openalex.org/W1509092951","https://openalex.org/W1526726828","https://openalex.org/W1665359133","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2013067314","https://openalex.org/W2018719085","https://openalex.org/W2018971911","https://openalex.org/W2044747137","https://openalex.org/W2066036753","https://openalex.org/W2093717447","https://openalex.org/W2095409539","https://openalex.org/W2100274914","https://openalex.org/W2101473977","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2115629999","https://openalex.org/W2120138297","https://openalex.org/W2122892819","https://openalex.org/W2131422526","https://openalex.org/W2155921792","https://openalex.org/W2158392329","https://openalex.org/W2174919955","https://openalex.org/W2182761707","https://openalex.org/W2344265714","https://openalex.org/W2505770036","https://openalex.org/W2577408049","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3004732066","https://openalex.org/W4243658190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W4248336175","https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W3009369890","https://openalex.org/W2031260042","https://openalex.org/W2391445434","https://openalex.org/W2794361564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,58,69],"use":[2],"of":[3,21,60,92,108,118,143],"ensemble":[4,53,148],"methods":[5],"in":[6,34,55],"machine-learning":[7,33],"is":[8,121],"ubiquitous":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,15,123,134,140,145],"their":[12,17],"proven":[13],"ability":[14],"outperform":[16,106],"constituent":[18],"algorithms,":[19],"ensembles":[20,104,107],"optimisation":[22,56],"algorithms":[23,110],"have":[24],"received":[25],"relatively":[26],"little":[27],"attention.":[28],"Existing":[29],"approaches":[30],"lag":[31],"behind":[32],"both":[35],"theory":[36],"and":[37,73,75,114,129,138],"practice,":[38],"with":[39],"no":[40],"principled":[41,147],"design":[42],"guidelines":[43],"available.":[44],"In":[45,65],"this":[46],"article,":[47],"we":[48,67],"address":[49],"fundamental":[50],"questions":[51],"regarding":[52],"composition":[54],"using":[57],"domain":[59],"bin-packing":[61],"as":[62,82],"an":[63,87],"example.":[64],"particular,":[66],"investigate":[68],"trade-off":[70],"between":[71],"accuracy":[72],"diversity,":[74],"whether":[76],"diversity":[77,119],"metrics":[78,94],"can":[79,105,131],"be":[80,132],"used":[81],"a":[83,90],"proxy":[84],"for":[85,95],"constructing":[86],"ensemble,":[88,137],"proposing":[89],"number":[91],"novel":[93],"comparing":[96],"algorithm":[97],"diversity.":[98],"We":[99],"find":[100],"that":[101,115],"randomly":[102],"composed":[103],"high-performing":[109],"under":[111],"certain":[112],"conditions":[113],"judicious":[116],"choice":[117],"metric":[120],"required":[122],"construct":[124],"good":[125],"ensembles.":[126],"The":[127],"method":[128],"findings":[130],"generalised":[133],"any":[135],"metaheuristic":[136],"lead":[139],"better":[141],"understanding":[142],"how":[144],"undertake":[146],"design.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}