{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120653786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00035","title":"Representations and Evolutionary Operators for the Scheduling of Pump Operations in Water Distribution Networks","display_name":"Representations and Evolutionary Operators for the Scheduling of Pump Operations in Water Distribution Networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120653786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00035","mag":"2120653786","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21281118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/evco_a_00035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/203349/1/Representations%20and%20evolutionary%20operators%20for%20the%20scheduling%20of%20pump%20operations%20in%20water%20distribution%20networks","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014676600","display_name":"Manuel L\u00f3pez\u2010Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-1295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel L\u00f3pez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIDIA, CoDE, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103548746","display_name":"T. Devi Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4850-1633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Devi Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Science & Engineering, University of Salford, UK","School of Computing, Science & Engineering, University of Salford, UK. d.p.tumula@salford.ac.uk#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Science & Engineering, University of Salford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Science & Engineering, University of Salford, UK. d.p.tumula@salford.ac.uk#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015586991","display_name":"Ben Paechter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-0805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Paechter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Emergent Computing, School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, UK","Centre for Emergent Computing, School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, UK. b.paechter@napier.ac.uk#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Emergent Computing, School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Emergent Computing, School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, UK. b.paechter@napier.ac.uk#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4111,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95997037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"429","last_page":"467"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6544652581214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.643672525882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6033670902252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5742152333259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5655384659767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5429033041000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4494473934173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3420732021331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29631152749061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.17143037915229797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6544652581214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.643672525882721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6033670902252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5742152333259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5655384659767151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5429033041000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4494473934173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3420732021331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29631152749061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.17143037915229797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008331","descriptor_name":"Management Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008331","descriptor_name":"Management Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008331","descriptor_name":"Management Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/evco_a_00035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21281118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21281118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:203349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/203349/1/Representations%20and%20evolutionary%20operators%20for%20the%20scheduling%20of%20pump%20operations%20in%20water%20distribution%20networks","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/99871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/99871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary computation, 19 (3","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:203349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/id/eprint/4134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:203349","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/203349/1/Representations%20and%20evolutionary%20operators%20for%20the%20scheduling%20of%20pump%20operations%20in%20water%20distribution%20networks","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58715877","https://openalex.org/W98056105","https://openalex.org/W193748126","https://openalex.org/W329913983","https://openalex.org/W1159622284","https://openalex.org/W1497008084","https://openalex.org/W1565902586","https://openalex.org/W1942773337","https://openalex.org/W1978970913","https://openalex.org/W1984169789","https://openalex.org/W1984460051","https://openalex.org/W1988407666","https://openalex.org/W1998354010","https://openalex.org/W2009543464","https://openalex.org/W2017273656","https://openalex.org/W2027945080","https://openalex.org/W2028173167","https://openalex.org/W2035120859","https://openalex.org/W2042967295","https://openalex.org/W2045970713","https://openalex.org/W2047551285","https://openalex.org/W2052523371","https://openalex.org/W2060522639","https://openalex.org/W2062341590","https://openalex.org/W2062559245","https://openalex.org/W2063131279","https://openalex.org/W2085908846","https://openalex.org/W2091708522","https://openalex.org/W2099881875","https://openalex.org/W2106627319","https://openalex.org/W2130715666","https://openalex.org/W2135570007","https://openalex.org/W2142183404","https://openalex.org/W2145479420","https://openalex.org/W2165643853","https://openalex.org/W2166623418","https://openalex.org/W2312396909","https://openalex.org/W2324866179","https://openalex.org/W2325275649","https://openalex.org/W2330202988","https://openalex.org/W2418132357","https://openalex.org/W2506273461","https://openalex.org/W2539194946","https://openalex.org/W2989664407","https://openalex.org/W2992845957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062195135","https://openalex.org/W2195904091","https://openalex.org/W2795079307","https://openalex.org/W2381415338","https://openalex.org/W2793058541","https://openalex.org/W2365404242","https://openalex.org/W2370319203","https://openalex.org/W3118638206","https://openalex.org/W4241844845","https://openalex.org/W2011017119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reducing":[0],"the":[1,23,39,49,98,108,114,136,148,155,160,165,169,191,209,215,219,233,240,248],"energy":[2,15],"consumption":[3],"of":[4,25,35,38,60,66,101,117,130,138,150,168,208,221,247],"water":[5],"distribution":[6],"networks":[7],"has":[8],"never":[9],"had":[10],"more":[11],"significance.":[12],"The":[13,57,181,224],"greatest":[14,216],"savings":[16],"can":[17,28],"be":[18,29],"obtained":[19,242],"by":[20,47,243],"carefully":[21],"scheduling":[22,255],"operations":[24,187],"pumps.":[26],"Schedules":[27],"defined":[30],"either":[31],"implicitly,":[32],"in":[33,195],"terms":[34],"other":[36],"elements":[37],"network":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"tank":[43],"levels;":[44],"or":[45],"explicitly,":[46],"specifying":[48],"time":[50,79],"during":[51,76],"which":[52,141,212],"each":[53,70,133],"pump":[54,73,102,123,143,196,254],"is":[55,63,104,125,144,236],"on/off.":[56],"traditional":[58],"representation":[59,200],"explicit":[61,91],"schedules":[62,152],"a":[64,77,122,128,142,244],"string":[65],"binary":[67,156,199],"values":[68],"with":[69,132,190],"bit":[71],"representing":[72,135],"on/off":[74],"status":[75],"particular":[78],"interval.":[80],"In":[81,119],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84],"formally":[85],"define":[86],"and":[87,107,158,184,201],"analyze":[88],"two":[89,178,192],"new":[90,179,182],"representations":[92,183,194,235],"based":[93],"on":[94,164,218],"time-controlled":[95],"triggers,":[96],"where":[97],"maximum":[99,115],"number":[100,116,137,149],"switches":[103],"established":[105],"beforehand":[106],"schedule":[109,124],"may":[110],"contain":[111],"fewer":[112],"than":[113],"switches.":[118],"these":[120,177],"representations,":[121],"divided":[126],"into":[127],"series":[129],"integers":[131],"integer":[134],"hours":[139],"for":[140,176,253],"active/inactive.":[145],"This":[146],"reduces":[147],"potential":[151],"compared":[153,189],"to":[154,162],"representation,":[157],"allows":[159],"algorithm":[161,231,252],"operate":[163],"feasible":[166],"region":[167],"search":[170],"space.":[171],"We":[172],"propose":[173],"evolutionary":[174,222,230],"operators":[175],"representations.":[180],"their":[185],"corresponding":[186],"are":[188],"most-used":[193],"scheduling,":[197],"namely,":[198],"level-controlled":[202,257],"triggers.":[203,258],"A":[204],"detailed":[205],"statistical":[206],"analysis":[207],"results":[210,226,241],"indicates":[211],"parameters":[213],"have":[214],"effect":[217],"performance":[220],"algorithms.":[223],"empirical":[225],"show":[227],"that":[228],"an":[229,237],"using":[232,256],"proposed":[234],"improvement":[238],"over":[239],"recent":[245],"state":[246],"art":[249],"hybrid":[250],"genetic":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
