{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986620768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00040","title":"Ontology, Ontologies and the \u201cI\u201d of FAIR","display_name":"Ontology, Ontologies and the \u201cI\u201d of FAIR","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986620768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00040","mag":"2986620768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/dint_a_00040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00040","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/dint_a_00040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186383","display_name":"Data Intelligence","issn_l":"2096-7004","issn":["2096-7004","2641-435X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/dint_a_00040","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065297243","display_name":"Giancarlo Guizzardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3452-553X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["IT","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giancarlo Guizzardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group (CORE), Free University of                         Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano 39100, Italy","Giancarlo Guizzardi is currently a professor of computer science and head of the Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group (CORE) at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. He has a PhD in Computer Science (with the highest distinction) from the University of Twente, The Netherlands. He has been working for more than two decades in the interplay between formal and applied ontology, cognitive science, philosophical logics, linguistics, and computer science (in particular, in the areas of conceptual modeling, enterprise modeling and knowledge representation). He has published circa 270 papers, many of which have received best paper awards in important conferences. He has also played a multitude of roles in key conferences in the field (e.g., general chair, program committee chair, and keynote speaker). Finally, he is an associate editor for the Applied Ontology journal, member of a number of international journal editorial boards, and of the Advisory Board of the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA)","Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group (CORE), Free University of\n Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano 39100, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group (CORE), Free University of                         Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano 39100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Giancarlo Guizzardi is currently a professor of computer science and head of the Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group (CORE) at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. He has a PhD in Computer Science (with the highest distinction) from the University of Twente, The Netherlands. He has been working for more than two decades in the interplay between formal and applied ontology, cognitive science, philosophical logics, linguistics, and computer science (in particular, in the areas of conceptual modeling, enterprise modeling and knowledge representation). He has published circa 270 papers, many of which have received best paper awards in important conferences. He has also played a multitude of roles in key conferences in the field (e.g., general chair, program committee chair, and keynote speaker). Finally, he is an associate editor for the Applied Ontology journal, member of a number of international journal editorial boards, and of the Advisory Board of the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conceptual and Cognitive Modeling Research Group (CORE), Free University of\n Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano 39100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065297243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936","https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.3877,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98723609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","first_page":"181","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.7848697900772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.7582764625549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7233378887176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-interoperability","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","score":0.6102856397628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5849654674530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.574634850025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.5539374947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4670497477054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-ontology","display_name":"Formal ontology","score":0.45115411281585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.33972257375717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.33045896887779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.26859787106513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24011453986167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.17321184277534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07487523555755615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.7848697900772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.7582764625549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7233378887176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192800085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5258530","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","level":3,"score":0.6102856397628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5849654674530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.574634850025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.5539374947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4670497477054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437388","display_name":"Formal ontology","level":4,"score":0.45115411281585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.33972257375717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.33045896887779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.26859787106513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24011453986167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.17321184277534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07487523555755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/dint_a_00040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00040","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/dint_a_00040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186383","display_name":"Data Intelligence","issn_l":"2096-7004","issn":["2096-7004","2641-435X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.39UBZ_INST:11251653150001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.data-intelligence-journal.org/p/43/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c024a23ea0b4e49b196a3f8b82d8d82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c024a23ea0b4e49b196a3f8b82d8d82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data Intelligence, Vol 2, Iss 1-2 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:49790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/49790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/dint_a_00040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00040","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/dint_a_00040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186383","display_name":"Data Intelligence","issn_l":"2096-7004","issn":["2096-7004","2641-435X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986620768.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986620768.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159000170","https://openalex.org/W745808366","https://openalex.org/W1490098189","https://openalex.org/W1535879415","https://openalex.org/W1859995791","https://openalex.org/W1972298711","https://openalex.org/W2016310468","https://openalex.org/W2081752276","https://openalex.org/W2086829123","https://openalex.org/W2108234081","https://openalex.org/W2115121100","https://openalex.org/W2117812870","https://openalex.org/W2123694583","https://openalex.org/W2162312314","https://openalex.org/W2180300954","https://openalex.org/W2246414091","https://openalex.org/W2252710622","https://openalex.org/W2290712282","https://openalex.org/W2302501749","https://openalex.org/W2474051009","https://openalex.org/W2495835496","https://openalex.org/W2548032911","https://openalex.org/W2595799331","https://openalex.org/W2759063855","https://openalex.org/W2773787581","https://openalex.org/W2774024251","https://openalex.org/W2808982395","https://openalex.org/W2904545431","https://openalex.org/W2940452599","https://openalex.org/W2953473909","https://openalex.org/W4292151713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386953431","https://openalex.org/W2355850745","https://openalex.org/W2109385585","https://openalex.org/W2157800466","https://openalex.org/W2388051831","https://openalex.org/W1575578382","https://openalex.org/W2066689607","https://openalex.org/W12265212","https://openalex.org/W2943984102","https://openalex.org/W178230856"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,114],"the":[2,8,13,26,33,56,68,76,103,111,117,131,136,140],"FAIR":[3],"guiding":[4],"principles,":[5],"one":[6,60],"of":[7,16,32,35,45,79,106,119,133,142],"central":[9],"attributes":[10],"for":[11,91,129],"maximizing":[12],"added":[14],"value":[15],"information":[17,72],"artifacts":[18,73],"is":[19,48],"interoperability.":[20],"In":[21,99],"this":[22,46],"paper,":[23],"I":[24,39,101],"discuss":[25,102],"importance,":[27],"and":[28,89,95,126],"propose":[29],"a":[30,42,83],"characterization":[31],"notion":[34],"Semantic":[36,50],"Interoperability.":[37],"Moreover,":[38],"show":[40],"that":[41,49],"direct":[43],"consequence":[44],"view":[47],"Interoperability":[51],"cannot":[52],"be":[53],"achieved":[54],"without":[55],"support":[57],"of,":[58],"on":[59,75],"hand,":[61,78],"(i)":[62],"ontologies,":[63],"as":[64,82,122,124],"meaning":[65],"contracts":[66],"capturing":[67],"conceptualizations":[69,94],"represented":[70],"in":[71,139],"and,":[74],"other":[77],"(ii)":[80],"Ontology,":[81],"discipline":[84],"proposing":[85],"formal":[86,107],"meth-":[87],"ods":[88],"theories":[90,109],"clarifying":[92],"these":[93],"articulating":[96],"their":[97],"representations.":[98],"particular,":[100],"fundamental":[104],"role":[105],"ontological":[108],"(in":[110,135],"latter":[112],"sense)":[113,138],"properly":[115],"ground":[116],"construction":[118],"representation":[120],"languages,":[121],"well":[123],"methodological":[125],"computational":[127],"tools":[128],"supporting":[130],"engineering":[132],"ontologies":[134],"former":[137],"context":[141],"FAIR.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}