{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986528126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00027","title":"The \u201cA\u201d of FAIR \u2013 As Open as Possible, as Closed as Necessary","display_name":"The \u201cA\u201d of FAIR \u2013 As Open as Possible, as Closed as Necessary","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986528126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00027","mag":"2986528126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/dint_a_00027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00027","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/dint_a_00027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186383","display_name":"Data Intelligence","issn_l":"2096-7004","issn":["2096-7004","2641-435X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/dint_a_00027","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037849075","display_name":"Annalisa Landi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-6424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131515","display_name":"Gianni Benzi Pharmacological Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03tv7jf42","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Annalisa Landi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013                         70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013                         70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039828193","display_name":"Mark Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051256686","display_name":"Viviana Giannuzzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-6783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131515","display_name":"Gianni Benzi Pharmacological Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03tv7jf42","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viviana Giannuzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013                         70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013                         70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025837543","display_name":"Fedele Bonifazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-5702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131515","display_name":"Gianni Benzi Pharmacological Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03tv7jf42","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fedele Bonifazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013                         70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013                         70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, 30 \u2013 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016619999","display_name":"Ignasi Labastida i Juan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-7030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3123915005","display_name":"Universitat Internacional de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/00tse2b39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3123915005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignasi Labastida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Learning and Research Resources Centre (CRAI), Universitat de Barcelona,                         Catalunya 08007, Spain","Learning and Research Resources Centre (CRAI), Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya 08007, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning and Research Resources Centre (CRAI), Universitat de Barcelona,                         Catalunya 08007, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I3123915005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Learning and Research Resources Centre (CRAI), Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya 08007, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067310105","display_name":"Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-1351"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["GO FAIR International Support & Coordination Office (GFISCO), Leiden, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GO FAIR International Support & Coordination Office (GFISCO), Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021179422","display_name":"Marco Roos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-772X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Roos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037849075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.3267,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98561941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","first_page":"47","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.8321671485900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.7188359498977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.6923288106918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6667341589927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5851249694824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-data","display_name":"Open data","score":0.5443775653839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-data-protection-regulation","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","score":0.47921329736709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.47921282052993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45783331990242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.42205747961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3465879559516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26580846309661865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.8321671485900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.7188359498977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.6923288106918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6667341589927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5851249694824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780535194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309901","display_name":"Open data","level":2,"score":0.5443775653839111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3090818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172506","display_name":"General Data Protection Regulation","level":3,"score":0.47921329736709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.47921282052993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45783331990242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.42205747961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3465879559516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26580846309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/dint_a_00027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00027","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/dint_a_00027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186383","display_name":"Data Intelligence","issn_l":"2096-7004","issn":["2096-7004","2641-435X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/150584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2445/150584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401653","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles publicats en revistes (CRAI-UB)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab05e51cc7684d05b0fc47ee3ac7791c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab05e51cc7684d05b0fc47ee3ac7791c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data Intelligence, Vol 2, Iss 1-2 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/dint_a_00027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00027","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/dint_a_00027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186383","display_name":"Data Intelligence","issn_l":"2096-7004","issn":["2096-7004","2641-435X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1539744094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"400.17.605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G265113304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"825575","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3733071174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82557","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G629491556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NWO)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986528126.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986528126.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2266614975","https://openalex.org/W2773899110","https://openalex.org/W2827643900","https://openalex.org/W2885606768","https://openalex.org/W2951152347","https://openalex.org/W2983093386","https://openalex.org/W2985330168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2917102635","https://openalex.org/W3023256691","https://openalex.org/W2789497412","https://openalex.org/W2901967497","https://openalex.org/W2910484607","https://openalex.org/W2794700933","https://openalex.org/W3171079982","https://openalex.org/W3048759155","https://openalex.org/W2087147177","https://openalex.org/W2980476506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1,56],"to":[2,6,34,57,62,74,91,121,126,137,142,192],"provide":[3],"responsible":[4,140,144],"access":[5,141],"health":[7,147],"data":[8,13,42,96,131,154,164,172,199],"by":[9,100,170],"reconciling":[10],"benefits":[11],"of":[12,78,86,94,129,146,163,204],"sharing":[14,200],"with":[15,89,156],"privacy":[16,77],"rights":[17],"and":[18,20,26,49,61,136,143,166,175,177],"ethical":[19,176],"regulatory":[21,178],"requirements,":[22],"Findable,":[23],"Accessible,":[24],"Interoperable":[25],"Reusable":[27],"(FAIR)":[28],"metadata":[29,158,196],"should":[30,43,71],"be":[31,44,72],"developed.":[32],"According":[33],"the":[35,59,67,76,79,84,92,101,127,133,161,167],"H2020":[36],"Program":[37],"Guidelines":[38],"on":[39,83],"FAIR":[40,157,183,195],"Data,":[41],"\u201cas":[45],"open":[46],"as":[47,50,52,189],"possible":[48],"closed":[51],"necessary\u201d,":[53],"\u201copen\u201d":[54],"in":[55,115,132],"foster":[58],"reusability":[60],"accelerate":[63],"research,":[64],"but":[65],"at":[66],"same":[68],"time":[69],"they":[70],"\u201cclosed\u201d":[73],"safeguard":[75],"subjects.":[80],"Additional":[81],"provisions":[82],"protection":[85,128,173,203],"natural":[87],"persons":[88],"regard":[90],"processing":[93],"personal":[95,130],"have":[97],"been":[98,187],"endorsed":[99],"European":[102],"General":[103],"Data":[104],"Protection":[105],"Regulation":[106],"(GDPR),":[107],"Reg":[108],"(EU)":[109],"2016/679,":[110],"that":[111],"came":[112],"into":[113],"force":[114],"May":[116],"2018.":[117],"This":[118],"work":[119],"aims":[120],"solve":[122],"accessibility":[123,168],"problems":[124],"related":[125],"digital":[134],"era":[135],"achieve":[138],"a":[139],"use":[145],"data.":[148],"We":[149],"strongly":[150],"suggest":[151],"associating":[152],"each":[153],"set":[155],"describing":[159],"both":[160],"type":[162],"collected":[165],"conditions":[169],"considering":[171],"obligations":[174],"requirements.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"an":[181,190],"existing":[182],"infrastructure":[184],"component":[185],"has":[186],"used":[188],"example":[191],"explain":[193],"how":[194],"could":[197],"facilitate":[198],"while":[201],"ensuring":[202],"individuals.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}