{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200113972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00430","title":"Revisiting the Boundary between ASR and NLU in the Age of Conversational Dialog Systems","display_name":"Revisiting the Boundary between ASR and NLU in the Age of Conversational Dialog Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200113972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00430","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/48/1/221/2006612/coli_a_00430.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/48/1/221/2006612/coli_a_00430.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014855689","display_name":"Manaal Faruqui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manaal Faruqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Assistant. mfaruqui@google.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Assistant. mfaruqui@google.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068709817","display_name":"Dilek Hakkani\u2010T\u00fcr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dilek Hakkani-T\u00fcr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI. hakkanit@amazon.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI. hakkanit@amazon.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014855689","https://openalex.org/A5068709817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I1311688040"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87783104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"221","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.907623827457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.8584194779396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7506844997406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-system","display_name":"Dialog system","score":0.6760048866271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5445417165756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.49447178840637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4808938503265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.4476001262664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.406902015209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12390044331550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.06703421473503113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.907623827457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.8584194779396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7506844997406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190954187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270587","display_name":"Dialog system","level":3,"score":0.6760048866271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5445417165756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.49447178840637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4808938503265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.4476001262664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.406902015209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12390044331550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.06703421473503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00430","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/48/1/221/2006612/coli_a_00430.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2bbcfb71904b4a3c82f696061cfcf15f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2bbcfb71904b4a3c82f696061cfcf15f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics, Vol 48, Iss 1, Pp 221-232 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00430","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/48/1/221/2006612/coli_a_00430.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200113972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200113972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14656806","https://openalex.org/W1602389404","https://openalex.org/W1649407914","https://openalex.org/W1968101325","https://openalex.org/W1998677696","https://openalex.org/W2007261869","https://openalex.org/W2079694211","https://openalex.org/W2091671846","https://openalex.org/W2096389830","https://openalex.org/W2103196492","https://openalex.org/W2110037758","https://openalex.org/W2114483840","https://openalex.org/W2120375264","https://openalex.org/W2158960817","https://openalex.org/W2161274063","https://openalex.org/W2169842528","https://openalex.org/W2189256702","https://openalex.org/W2251058040","https://openalex.org/W2511962886","https://openalex.org/W2592224602","https://openalex.org/W2618735189","https://openalex.org/W2738658885","https://openalex.org/W2791808303","https://openalex.org/W2803193013","https://openalex.org/W2806081754","https://openalex.org/W2885485938","https://openalex.org/W2888975141","https://openalex.org/W2891229414","https://openalex.org/W2894164357","https://openalex.org/W2915722758","https://openalex.org/W2936597270","https://openalex.org/W2962804563","https://openalex.org/W2963288440","https://openalex.org/W2963691697","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2964223283","https://openalex.org/W2972584841","https://openalex.org/W2973056893","https://openalex.org/W2984020609","https://openalex.org/W2999245659","https://openalex.org/W3011487811","https://openalex.org/W3015747801","https://openalex.org/W3046040002","https://openalex.org/W3093050310","https://openalex.org/W3095311338","https://openalex.org/W3097964672","https://openalex.org/W3153592532","https://openalex.org/W3173154122","https://openalex.org/W3176683285","https://openalex.org/W3196863408","https://openalex.org/W6677618753","https://openalex.org/W6691329670","https://openalex.org/W6737185339","https://openalex.org/W6750372648","https://openalex.org/W6752148829","https://openalex.org/W6756315458","https://openalex.org/W6769847149","https://openalex.org/W6772693987","https://openalex.org/W6774832990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W43702919","https://openalex.org/W1968506571","https://openalex.org/W2167347358","https://openalex.org/W2786839803","https://openalex.org/W1559624245","https://openalex.org/W114603736","https://openalex.org/W1562973825","https://openalex.org/W2585803088","https://openalex.org/W2278256305","https://openalex.org/W2041804146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1],"more":[2],"users":[3],"across":[4],"the":[5,30,53,61,77],"world":[6],"are":[7],"interacting":[8],"with":[9],"dialog":[10,87],"agents":[11],"in":[12,34,65,85,100],"their":[13],"daily":[14],"life,":[15],"there":[16,103,119],"is":[17,104],"a":[18,86,105],"need":[19,106],"for":[20,26,107],"better":[21],"speech":[22,36],"understanding":[23,42],"that":[24,70,111],"calls":[25],"renewed":[27],"attention":[28],"to":[29,95],"dynamics":[31],"between":[32,56,124],"research":[33,48,128],"automatic":[35],"recognition":[37],"(ASR)":[38],"and":[39,50,126],"natural":[40],"language":[41],"(NLU).":[43],"We":[44],"briefly":[45],"review":[46],"these":[47],"areas":[49],"lay":[51],"out":[52],"current":[54],"relationship":[55],"them.":[57],"In":[58],"light":[59],"of":[60,76,79],"observations":[62],"we":[63,68],"make":[64],"this":[66],"article,":[67],"argue":[69],"(1)":[71],"NLU":[72,127],"should":[73,92,120],"be":[74,93,121],"cognizant":[75],"presence":[78],"ASR":[80,91,125],"models":[81],"being":[82],"used":[83],"upstream":[84],"system\u2019s":[88],"pipeline,":[89],"(2)":[90],"able":[94],"learn":[96],"from":[97],"errors":[98],"found":[99],"NLU,":[101],"(3)":[102],"end-to-end":[108],"data":[109],"sets":[110],"provide":[112],"semantic":[113],"annotations":[114],"on":[115],"spoken":[116],"input,":[117],"(4)":[118],"stronger":[122],"collaboration":[123],"communities.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}