{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964941017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00398","title":"Supervised and Unsupervised Neural Approaches to Text Readability","display_name":"Supervised and Unsupervised Neural Approaches to Text Readability","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964941017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00398","mag":"2964941017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00398","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/47/1/141/1911429/coli_a_00398.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/47/1/141/1911429/coli_a_00398.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000491019","display_name":"Matej Martinc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7384-8112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113529","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01hdkb925","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matej Martinc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia","Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia. matej.martinc@ijs.si"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia. matej.martinc@ijs.si","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074881863","display_name":"Senja Pollak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3006985408","display_name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05060sz93","country_code":"SI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Senja Pollak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. senja.pollak@ijs.si"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. senja.pollak@ijs.si","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3006985408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020021079","display_name":"Marko Robnik\u2010\u0160ikonja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1232-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marko Robnik-\u0160ikonja","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ljubljana, Slovenia. marko.robnik@fri.uni-lj.si"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ljubljana, Slovenia. marko.robnik@fri.uni-lj.si","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000491019","https://openalex.org/A5020021079","https://openalex.org/A5074881863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015","https://openalex.org/I3006985408","https://openalex.org/I4210113529"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0391,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98844177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"141","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9228000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.9334572553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7643334269523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7423208951950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6627169251441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5724886655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.5355664491653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5228555202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4958713948726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.47607937455177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46132272481918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.4135867953300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35658472776412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.21677237749099731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.9334572553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7643334269523621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7423208951950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6627169251441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5724886655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5355664491653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5228555202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4958713948726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47607937455177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46132272481918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.4135867953300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35658472776412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.21677237749099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00398","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/47/1/141/1911429/coli_a_00398.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.11779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11779","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:6384711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6384711","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6384711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics 47(1) 141\u2013179","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3908c0c788ef491899d7a59df24ef10f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3908c0c788ef491899d7a59df24ef10f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics, Vol 47, Iss 1, Pp 141-179 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00398","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00398","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article-pdf/47/1/141/1911429/coli_a_00398.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3998201246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Social","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","funder_display_name":"European Social Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5108423257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"825153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5374134968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Social Fund","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5835491414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P6-0411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7530123626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2-0103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7641551787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J6-9372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G841682274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J5-2554","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964941017.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964941017.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":138,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33677238","https://openalex.org/W133394232","https://openalex.org/W178255566","https://openalex.org/W181196098","https://openalex.org/W284829210","https://openalex.org/W658020064","https://openalex.org/W791767626","https://openalex.org/W1481128830","https://openalex.org/W1502957213","https://openalex.org/W1507711477","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1566289585","https://openalex.org/W1602368597","https://openalex.org/W1606724109","https://openalex.org/W1669955980","https://openalex.org/W1746111881","https://openalex.org/W1847618513","https://openalex.org/W1938755728","https://openalex.org/W1984613516","https://openalex.org/W2002575490","https://openalex.org/W2012171860","https://openalex.org/W2015933299","https://openalex.org/W2019416425","https://openalex.org/W2023755086","https://openalex.org/W2036367260","https://openalex.org/W2062585132","https://openalex.org/W2080515068","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2133944470","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2153081451","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2170240176","https://openalex.org/W2171575620","https://openalex.org/W2173564293","https://openalex.org/W2183376419","https://openalex.org/W2185726469","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250837944","https://openalex.org/W2252079466","https://openalex.org/W2252265975","https://openalex.org/W2280538463","https://openalex.org/W2304127486","https://openalex.org/W2398973842","https://openalex.org/W2427527485","https://openalex.org/W2470673105","https://openalex.org/W2514166524","https://openalex.org/W2526468814","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2575993171","https://openalex.org/W2601349024","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2606502803","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2784121710","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2792932412","https://openalex.org/W2799915114","https://openalex.org/W2806146112","https://openalex.org/W2806183494","https://openalex.org/W2860283162","https://openalex.org/W2885185669","https://openalex.org/W2887428522","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2899742765","https://openalex.org/W2915027006","https://openalex.org/W2948947170","https://openalex.org/W2949433733","https://openalex.org/W2949806311","https://openalex.org/W2950178297","https://openalex.org/W2951559648","https://openalex.org/W2951799221","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2953320089","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2963012544","https://openalex.org/W2963250244","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963918774","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2965628884","https://openalex.org/W2969888746","https://openalex.org/W2972960423","https://openalex.org/W2995248622","https://openalex.org/W2998212894","https://openalex.org/W3015468748","https://openalex.org/W3033529678","https://openalex.org/W3037554857","https://openalex.org/W3082873023","https://openalex.org/W4205509257","https://openalex.org/W4230093663","https://openalex.org/W4245267204","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387421475","https://openalex.org/W6601393794","https://openalex.org/W6605422000","https://openalex.org/W6622837616","https://openalex.org/W6628960004","https://openalex.org/W6630875275","https://openalex.org/W6633714834","https://openalex.org/W6636272175","https://openalex.org/W6637254632","https://openalex.org/W6640598943","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6680097875","https://openalex.org/W6682507375","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6683738474","https://openalex.org/W6685053522","https://openalex.org/W6685070530","https://openalex.org/W6685444567","https://openalex.org/W6686651311","https://openalex.org/W6691266443","https://openalex.org/W6691385303","https://openalex.org/W6691636200","https://openalex.org/W6712819625","https://openalex.org/W6720133668","https://openalex.org/W6731566239","https://openalex.org/W6737661356","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6748634344","https://openalex.org/W6749825310","https://openalex.org/W6752796305","https://openalex.org/W6753720546","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6768081159","https://openalex.org/W6771313619","https://openalex.org/W6776048684","https://openalex.org/W6779163297","https://openalex.org/W6780234085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964661231","https://openalex.org/W4254960163","https://openalex.org/W3110264473","https://openalex.org/W2370831213","https://openalex.org/W4285478380","https://openalex.org/W4315704968","https://openalex.org/W2100255360","https://openalex.org/W2140061545","https://openalex.org/W2032810564","https://openalex.org/W2107506952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,39,98],"present":[2],"a":[3,56,71,88],"set":[4],"of":[5,16,66,73,91],"novel":[6],"neural":[7,24,34,44,68,93],"supervised":[8,30],"and":[9,52,60,75,102,124],"unsupervised":[10,20,45],"approaches":[11,94,111],"for":[12,127],"determining":[13],"the":[14,19,29,42],"readability":[15,58,78,96],"documents.":[17],"In":[18],"setting,":[21,31],"we":[22],"leverage":[23],"language":[25],"models,":[26],"whereas":[27],"in":[28,81,115],"three":[32],"different":[33,92],"classification":[35,110],"architectures":[36,69],"are":[37],"tested.":[38],"show":[40],"that":[41],"proposed":[43],"approach":[46],"is":[47],"robust,":[48],"transferable":[49],"across":[50],"languages,":[51,83],"allows":[53],"adaptation":[54],"to":[55,95,107,112],"specific":[57],"task":[59],"data":[61,79],"set.":[62],"By":[63],"systematic":[64],"comparison":[65],"several":[67],"on":[70,120],"number":[72],"benchmark":[74],"new":[76],"labeled":[77],"sets":[80],"two":[82],"this":[84],"study":[85],"also":[86],"offers":[87],"comprehensive":[89],"analysis":[90],"classification.":[97],"expose":[99],"their":[100,105],"strengths":[101],"weaknesses,":[103],"compare":[104],"performance":[106],"current":[108],"state-of-the-art":[109],"readability,":[113],"which":[114],"most":[116],"cases":[117],"still":[118],"rely":[119],"extensive":[121],"feature":[122],"engineering,":[123],"propose":[125],"possibilities":[126],"improvements.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}