{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109599904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00203","title":"Adaptive Generation in Dialogue Systems Using Dynamic User Modeling","display_name":"Adaptive Generation in Dialogue Systems Using Dynamic User Modeling","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109599904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00203","mag":"2109599904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00203","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COLI_a_00203","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COLI_a_00203","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036224734","display_name":"Srinivasan Janarthanam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasan Janarthanam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heriot-Watt University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010949145","display_name":"Oliver Lemon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-4743"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Lemon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heriot-Watt University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heriot-Watt University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036224734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.658,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95055671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"4","first_page":"883","last_page":"920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8649029731750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.7321566939353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.7222908139228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.7162232398986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6002618074417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5941907167434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5625123381614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-modeling","display_name":"User modeling","score":0.5394698977470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.5204917788505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4965069890022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.49160274863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4734244644641876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47042012214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4209161698818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3349422216415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.10791480541229248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8649029731750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.7321566939353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.7222908139228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.7162232398986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6002618074417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5941907167434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5625123381614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67712803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901853","display_name":"User modeling","level":3,"score":0.5394698977470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5204917788505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4965069890022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.49160274863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4734244644641876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47042012214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4209161698818207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3349422216415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.10791480541229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00203","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COLI_a_00203","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1dad5bad8add478b87c9d97e321ee7f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1dad5bad8add478b87c9d97e321ee7f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics, Vol 40, Iss 4 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/coli_a_00203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00203","pdf_url":"https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COLI_a_00203","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155526855","display_name":"Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"0891-2017","issn":["0891-2017","1530-9312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320244","host_organization_name":"Association for Computational Linguistics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computational Linguistics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2850645154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007-2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4608247269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G069840/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7934178587","display_name":"Scaling up Statistical Spoken Dialogue Systems for real user goals using automatic belief state compression","funder_award_id":"EP/G069840/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320270","display_name":"UK-India Education and Research Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/037dz3r63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2109599904.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2109599904.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25585296","https://openalex.org/W74509649","https://openalex.org/W119177792","https://openalex.org/W120790241","https://openalex.org/W135396087","https://openalex.org/W160067033","https://openalex.org/W163988823","https://openalex.org/W939280201","https://openalex.org/W1484955275","https://openalex.org/W1491405411","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1516071746","https://openalex.org/W1518203739","https://openalex.org/W1536009700","https://openalex.org/W1556979100","https://openalex.org/W1572060599","https://openalex.org/W1584761227","https://openalex.org/W1633494854","https://openalex.org/W1645937837","https://openalex.org/W1695997110","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1966211787","https://openalex.org/W1968505606","https://openalex.org/W1980340273","https://openalex.org/W1983707534","https://openalex.org/W1987326241","https://openalex.org/W2000189111","https://openalex.org/W2005563557","https://openalex.org/W2007972469","https://openalex.org/W2011381597","https://openalex.org/W2021120817","https://openalex.org/W2021151961","https://openalex.org/W2025524831","https://openalex.org/W2025989261","https://openalex.org/W2030721126","https://openalex.org/W2056561350","https://openalex.org/W2057244568","https://openalex.org/W2057542583","https://openalex.org/W2062175565","https://openalex.org/W2064296938","https://openalex.org/W2086156645","https://openalex.org/W2089699663","https://openalex.org/W2096646663","https://openalex.org/W2101445408","https://openalex.org/W2106547558","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2108654132","https://openalex.org/W2113862235","https://openalex.org/W2117989772","https://openalex.org/W2123838014","https://openalex.org/W2124003719","https://openalex.org/W2128965063","https://openalex.org/W2133958980","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2152318218","https://openalex.org/W2153166272","https://openalex.org/W2154124305","https://openalex.org/W2162265730","https://openalex.org/W2166385930","https://openalex.org/W2168490009","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2786792079","https://openalex.org/W2911283634","https://openalex.org/W2914656440","https://openalex.org/W2945850858","https://openalex.org/W2962985670","https://openalex.org/W3091425630","https://openalex.org/W3141929003","https://openalex.org/W6624607791","https://openalex.org/W6693199996","https://openalex.org/W6748678560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968552888","https://openalex.org/W2374116601","https://openalex.org/W3093134843","https://openalex.org/W2772323916","https://openalex.org/W1511346092","https://openalex.org/W1527532029","https://openalex.org/W2378167147","https://openalex.org/W3210777354","https://openalex.org/W2281307425","https://openalex.org/W2464405057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,60,90,170,205,235,259],"address":[1],"the":[2,16,58,125,153,186,200,208,221,238,261],"problem":[3,63],"of":[4,18,47,99,136,199,214,229,264,276],"dynamically":[5],"modeling":[6,114,128],"and":[7,50,78,82,102,129,147,195,267,282,285,300],"adapting":[8,290],"to":[9,33,37,39,57,80,84,109,165,175,211,225,243,273,286,291],"unknown":[10,56],"users":[11,43,85],"in":[12,15,134,161,163,180],"resource-scarce":[13],"domains":[14,288],"context":[17],"interactive":[19],"spoken":[20],"dialogue":[21,197,283],"systems.":[22],"As":[23],"an":[24,111,166],"example,":[25],"we":[26],"show":[27,91,123,172,236],"how":[28,268],"a":[29,65,72,96,117,158,192,212,233],"system":[30],"can":[31,270],"learn":[32,110],"choose":[34],"referring":[35,230],"expressions":[36,231],"refer":[38],"domain":[40,48,52,177,293],"entities":[41],"for":[42,185,191],"with":[44,144],"different":[45],"levels":[46,275],"expertise,":[49],"whose":[51],"knowledge":[53,104,178,223,294],"is":[54,107,295],"initially":[55],"system.":[59],"approach":[61],"this":[62,265],"using":[64,71,86,94,116],"three":[66],"step":[67],"process:":[68],"collecting":[69],"data":[70],"Wizard-of-Oz":[73],"method,":[74],"building":[75],"simulated":[76,146],"users,":[77,152],"learning":[79],"model":[81],"adapt":[83,226],"Reinforcement":[87],"Learning":[88],"techniques.":[89],"that":[92,124,173,219,237],"by":[93],"only":[95],"small":[97],"corpus":[98],"non-adaptive":[100],"dialogues":[101],"user":[103,113,127,222,245,257],"profiles":[105,224,246],"it":[106,269],"possible":[108],"adaptive":[112,167,217],"policy":[115,155,188,210,240],"sense-predict-adapt":[118],"approach.":[119],"Our":[120],"evaluation":[121],"results":[122,179],"learned":[126,154,187,209,239],"adaptation":[130,137,162,174,277],"strategies":[131],"performed":[132],"better":[133,242],"terms":[135],"than":[138,247],"some":[139],"simple":[140],"hand-coded":[141,168,193,249],"baseline":[142],"policies,":[143,250],"both":[145],"real":[148,151],"users.":[149],"With":[150],"produced":[156],"around":[157],"20%":[159],"increase":[160],"comparison":[164],"baseline.":[169],"also":[171,206],"users'":[176,292],"improving":[181],"task":[182],"success":[183],"(99.47%":[184],"vs.":[189],"84.7%":[190],"baseline)":[194],"reducing":[196],"time":[198],"conversation":[201],"(11%":[202],"relative":[203],"difference).":[204],"compared":[207],"variety":[213],"carefully":[215],"hand-crafted":[216],"policies":[218],"employ":[220],"their":[227],"choices":[228],"throughout":[232],"conversation.":[234],"generalises":[241],"unseen":[244],"these":[248],"while":[251],"having":[252],"comparable":[253],"performance":[254],"on":[255],"known":[256],"profiles.":[258],"discuss":[260],"overall":[262],"advantages":[263],"method":[266],"be":[271],"extended":[272],"other":[274,287],"such":[278,297],"as":[279,298],"content":[280],"selection":[281],"management,":[284],"where":[289],"useful,":[296],"travel":[299],"healthcare.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}