{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2615701237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_e_00232","title":"Introduction to the Evolution of Physical Systems Special Issue","display_name":"Introduction to the Evolution of Physical Systems Special Issue","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2615701237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_e_00232","mag":"2615701237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28513205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_e_00232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_e_00232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01631648","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082672818","display_name":"John Rieffel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-6045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177328695","display_name":"Union College","ror":"https://ror.org/058w5nk68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Rieffel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Contact author","Union College, Schenectady, New York, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Contact author","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union College, Schenectady, New York, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032227198","display_name":"Jean-Baptiste Mouret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-027X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Baptiste Mouret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, UMR 7503, LORIA, Nancy, France","LARSEN - Lifelong Autonomy and interaction skills for Robots in a Sensing ENvironment (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, UMR 7503, LORIA, Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LARSEN - Lifelong Autonomy and interaction skills for Robots in a Sensing ENvironment (France)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008211251","display_name":"Nicolas Bred\u00e8che","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-7461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Bredeche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, ISIR, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, ISIR, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012679236","display_name":"Evert Haasdijk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-8265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evert Haasdijk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HV Amsterdam - Netherlands)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HV Amsterdam - Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82022634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"119","last_page":"123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6223551034927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-robotics","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","score":0.6212384700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.618097186088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4944486618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-acquisition-of-neural-topologies","display_name":"Evolutionary acquisition of neural topologies","score":0.4770630896091461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.4495778977870941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.43665534257888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-life","display_name":"Artificial life","score":0.41111549735069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.3836870789527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10590237379074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-programming","display_name":"Evolutionary programming","score":0.09796205163002014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6223551034927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199505168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267529","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","level":3,"score":0.6212384700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.618097186088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4944486618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41445625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418685","display_name":"Evolutionary acquisition of neural topologies","level":4,"score":0.4770630896091461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.4495778977870941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.43665534257888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19273510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263847","display_name":"Artificial life","level":2,"score":0.41111549735069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3836870789527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10590237379074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121835503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596288","display_name":"Evolutionary programming","level":3,"score":0.09796205163002014}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_e_00232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_e_00232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28513205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28513205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01631648v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01631648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life, 2017, 23 (2), pp.119 - 123. ⟨10.1162/ARTL_e_00232⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/90908db9-8cf3-4938-9df5-152ff1872d22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85020073809&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Rieffel, J, Mouret, J B, Bredeche, N & Haasdijk, E 2017, 'Introduction to the Evolution of Physical Systems Special Issue', Artificial life, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 119-123. https://doi.org/10.1162/ARTL_e_00232","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:vu:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/90908db9-8cf3-4938-9df5-152ff1872d22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/90908db9-8cf3-4938-9df5-152ff1872d22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life, 23(2), 119 - 123. MIT Press Journals","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01631648v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01631648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life, 2017, 23 (2), pp.119 - 123. ⟨10.1162/ARTL_e_00232⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191292346","https://openalex.org/W1481659984","https://openalex.org/W1492895344","https://openalex.org/W1515958087","https://openalex.org/W1552665365","https://openalex.org/W1565605886","https://openalex.org/W1598413384","https://openalex.org/W1609223620","https://openalex.org/W1625577255","https://openalex.org/W1966089223","https://openalex.org/W1976051517","https://openalex.org/W1978161072","https://openalex.org/W2001685400","https://openalex.org/W2022206710","https://openalex.org/W2044223889","https://openalex.org/W2053718603","https://openalex.org/W2083701746","https://openalex.org/W2163739028","https://openalex.org/W2593912908","https://openalex.org/W2914145474","https://openalex.org/W2941461247","https://openalex.org/W3122582847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145162363","https://openalex.org/W2106344388","https://openalex.org/W2242002521","https://openalex.org/W1555399416","https://openalex.org/W1976208705","https://openalex.org/W2348559559","https://openalex.org/W2781701805","https://openalex.org/W2218558409","https://openalex.org/W1976294505","https://openalex.org/W1901895377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,69,1391],"are":[1,201,333,605,612,796,806,918,983,1058,1115,1416,1490,1694,1845,1886],"delighted":[2,984],"to":[3,55,74,78,163,171,277,285,307,354,383,402,458,494,559,583,607,613,637,654,695,703,712,736,754,776,822,832,837,851,856,860,894,908,910,928,985,992,1035,1135,1139,1145,1328,1347,1402,1473,1531,1574,1595,1628,1648,1780,1804,1826,1878],"introduce":[4,1436],"this":[5,72,535,600,767,787,887,922,996,1181,1398,1432],"Special":[6],"Issue":[7],"on":[8,105,183,422,571,619,632,676,688,763,828,1105,1414,1658,1673,1713],"the":[9,14,23,48,123,144,164,172,190,207,215,224,251,261,317,322,325,330,367,390,414,423,429,438,444,453,530,578,585,662,677,738,747,764,778,793,810,814,829,834,839,878,896,905,912,943,961,974,981,987,1005,1008,1021,1026,1030,1042,1120,1132,1152,1175,1199,1217,1221,1229,1251,1257,1287,1321,1332,1341,1357,1360,1364,1380,1395,1403,1429,1461,1475,1478,1483,1487,1516,1526,1539,1566,1576,1589,1641,1649,1665,1668,1674,1697,1718,1747,1782,1806,1827,1830,1839,1843,1856,1888],"Evolution":[10],"of":[11,16,19,51,93,116,126,143,166,218,239,267,324,329,342,359,369,395,399,413,452,480,483,521,552,580,592,602,641,644,660,679,730,782,798,875,886,892,964,1004,1007,1010,1023,1056,1072,1083,1091,1107,1201,1228,1232,1247,1253,1276,1289,1351,1359,1372,1382,1397,1421,1431,1442,1455,1459,1463,1477,1486,1497,1518,1557,1565,1572,1578,1593,1602,1612,1633,1645,1651,1664,1676,1691,1700,1740,1750,1784,1795,1808,1816,1829,1832,1838,1842,1890],"Physical":[12],"Systems,":[13],"culmination":[15],"a":[17,91,106,234,243,255,289,343,356,370,409,500,512,525,547,572,633,639,704,708,718,743,872,883,901,939,1053,1070,1076,1096,1225,1268,1274,1290,1306,1312,1349,1437,1443,1453,1562,1569,1606,1613,1620,1630,1686,1701,1732,1738,1762,1785,1814],"series":[18],"workshops":[20],"organized":[21],"around":[22,1194],"topic":[24],"that":[25,59,149,185,193,263,265,291,298,388,443,466,532,604,664,790,803,844,864,914,917,989,1019,1101,1206,1293,1310,1340,1377,1534,1681,1774,1836,1853,1863,1871],"began":[26],"with":[27,214,309,746,937,1075,1550,1619,1685,1737],"ALIFE":[28,36],"XIII":[29],"(2012)":[30],"and":[31,39,95,112,154,187,274,287,312,363,463,474,489,540,625,671,691,697,733,759,773,780,934,954,973,1013,1032,1039,1098,1109,1125,1127,1143,1169,1212,1224,1238,1336,1408,1423,1446,1480,1508,1520,1541,1586,1643,1709,1742,1757],"ran":[32,627],"through":[33,504,534],"ECAL":[34,40],"2013,":[35],"XIV":[37],"(2014),":[38],"2015.Inspired":[41],"by":[42,110,179,233,515,1085,1122,1190,1215,1282,1354,1394],"our":[43,593],"mutual":[44],"interests,":[45],"we":[46,1859],"coined":[47],"term":[49,73],"evolution":[50,83,87,115,341,678,756,1009,1318,1650,1675,1831],"physical":[52,63,117,589,689,1011,1553,1558,1614,1654,1833,1857,1891],"systems":[53,118,184],"(EPS)":[54],"describe":[56,1015,1241],"evolutionary":[57,98,181,209,630,725,739,1050,1150,1388,1468,1797,1894],"approaches":[58,170,468],"occur":[60],"in":[61,67,85,122,156,189,206,223,242,264,280,316,374,378,431,435,461,499,546,599,757,801,809,813,868,877,904,942,951,966,995,1049,1080,1180,1363,1400,1428,1493,1503,1515,1605,1617,1667,1696,1717,1770,1812,1855,1873,1893],"real-world":[62,159,245,252,1409],"substrates":[64],"rather":[65,253,376],"than":[66,254,282,377,543,610,812,1848],"simulation.":[68],"deliberately":[70],"chose":[71],"be":[75,857,993,1103,1157,1210,1735],"broad":[76],"enough":[77,859],"encompass":[79],"both":[80,731,952,1117],"parallel":[81],"embodied":[82,629,1170,1499],"[19],":[84],"which":[86,427,1088,1450,1504,1788,1813],"is":[88,103,134,300,337,408,418,753,821,976,1046,1267,1344,1376,1425,1471,1512,1560,1799],"distributed":[89],"across":[90,1256],"population":[92,520,1739,1815],"robots,":[94,1511,1680],"more":[96,275,302,477,541,672,807,1186,1313,1322,1373,1703,1846],"classical":[97],"robotics":[99,726,953,967,1078,1161,1389,1895],"work,":[100],"where":[101,1052,1609],"evaluation":[102],"serialized":[104],"single":[107],"robot,":[108,575,1787],"as":[109,202,204,472,556,649,969,971,977,979,1128,1138,1178,1452,1721],"Floreano":[111,488],"Mondada":[113,490],"[5].The":[114],"has":[119,722,889,1294,1670],"its":[120,135],"roots":[121],"embodiment":[124,401,511,965,1892],"philosophy":[125],"Rodney":[127,956],"Brooks,":[128],"who":[129,1693],"famously":[130],"said":[131],"\u201cthe":[132,449],"world":[133,795,907,945],"own":[136,594],"best":[137,445],"model\u201d":[138],"[3].":[139],"Brooks'":[140,177,957],"emphatic":[141],"critique":[142],"symbol":[145],"system":[146,1208,1615,1749],"hypothesis":[147],"argued":[148],"relatively":[150],"simple":[151,1464],"systems,":[152,1834],"developed":[153],"grounded":[155,203,808],"suitably":[157],"complex":[158,167,699],"environments,":[160],"can":[161,727,1102,1209,1249,1535,1581,1711,1864,1872],"lead":[162],"emergence":[165],"behaviors.":[168],"Contemporary":[169],"EPS":[173,975,1669],"aim":[174],"at":[175,321,404,720,1867],"automating":[176],"vision":[178,1733],"exploiting":[180],"algorithms":[182,210],"\u201clive\u201d":[186],"\u201cevolve\u201d":[188],"real":[191,318,439,734,748,765,794,815,830,879,906,944,1077,1333],"world,":[192,319,1858],"is,":[194,768,804,1682],"whose":[195,1707],"behavior":[196,498,1358],"(and":[197,304,392,657],"possibly":[198],"their":[199,617,1036,1146,1207,1233,1235,1646,1714,1724,1778],"form)":[200],"possible":[205],"environment.Embodied":[208],"first":[211,751,1755,1793,1860],"gained":[212],"prominence":[213],"\u201cSussex":[216],"approach\u201d":[217],"Harvey":[219],"et":[220,507,565,925,1727],"al.":[221,508,566,926,1728],"[7]":[222],"1990s.":[225],"The":[226,350,416,1067,1260,1411],"Sussex":[227,331],"gantry-based":[228],"robot":[229,503,587,710,831,1094,1133,1440,1506],"[4,":[230],"6],":[231],"driven":[232],"neural":[235,1283],"network,":[236],"was":[237,272,284,353,381,561,1325],"capable":[238,358,1458],"robust":[240,496],"behaviors":[241,314,531,913],"noisy":[244],"environment.":[246],"Their":[247],"motivation":[248],"for":[249,682,707,769,792,931,1118,1131,1159,1173,1184,1273,1387,1637,1653,1678,1683],"using":[250,400,717],"simulated":[256,548],"environment":[257,549,1027],"stemmed":[258],"largely":[259],"from":[260,486,826,1041,1063],"fact":[262],"era":[266],"limited":[268],"computational":[269],"power,":[270],"it":[271,283,299,762,845,1378],"faster":[273],"efficient":[276,1884],"test":[278,608],"networks":[279],"situ":[281],"develop":[286,1629],"run":[288],"simulator":[290,719,1406],"realistically":[292],"modeled":[293],"sensor":[294],"noise.":[295],"This":[296,397,1045,1495,1792],"notion,":[297],"sometimes":[301],"practical":[303,1661],"computationally":[305,1883],"efficient)":[306],"dispense":[308],"simulation":[310,436,454,758,811],"entirely":[311],"evolve":[313,355,495,777,929,1712,1819,1854],"directly":[315],"persists":[320],"heart":[323],"EPS.Two":[326],"other":[327,1160,1361,1510,1876],"results":[328,433,446],"group":[332,1275],"particularly":[334,562,1047],"noteworthy.":[335],"First":[336],"Adrian":[338],"Thompson's":[339],"silicon":[340],"field-programmable":[344],"gate":[345],"array":[346],"(FPGA)":[347],"[17,":[348],"18].":[349],"chosen":[351,1266],"task":[352,1261,1272],"circuit":[357],"discriminating":[360],"between":[361,588,1405],"1-":[362],"10-kHz":[364],"signals":[365],"without":[366,1656],"use":[368,551,823,900,1090],"clock.":[371],"By":[372],"evolving":[373,481,522],"silicon,":[375],"simulation,":[379,802],"Thompson":[380],"able":[382,493,711,1327,1346],"generate":[384],"nearly":[385],"inscrutable":[386],"solutions":[387,407,1255,1604],"exploited":[389],"analogue":[391],"non-simulable)":[393],"nature":[394],"FPGAs.":[396],"idea":[398,752,820,888],"arrive":[403],"\u201cnovel":[405],"surprise\u201d":[406],"further":[410,514],"guiding":[411],"principle":[412],"EPS.":[415],"second":[417,1763],"Jakobi's":[419],"essential":[420],"work":[421,618,675,1420,1666],"reality":[424,840,1258],"gap":[425,841],"[8],":[426],"highlighted":[428],"difficulty":[430],"transferring":[432],"evolved":[434,545,567,800,1254],"into":[437,524,1331],"world.":[440,749,816,880,1334],"Jakobi":[441],"notes":[442],"emerge":[447],"when":[448],"noise":[450],"levels":[451],"have":[455,597,668,1219,1264,1265],"similar":[456,1064],"amplitudes":[457],"those":[459,544,799,1692],"observed":[460],"reality,\u201d":[462],"points":[464],"out":[465,643],"these":[467,1767,1821],"become":[469,476],"less":[470],"feasible":[471],"environments":[473],"sensors":[475],"complex.The":[478],"practice":[479],"outside":[482],"simulators":[484,732,854,1885],"grew":[485],"there.":[487],"[5]":[491],"were":[492,537,990,1392],"wall-following":[497],"tethered":[501],"Khepera":[502],"embodiment.":[505],"Watson":[506],"[19]":[509],"took":[510],"step":[513,1529,1794],"simultaneously":[516],"embedding":[517],"an":[518,553,557,628,1001,1016,1081,1092,1202,1244,1370,1447,1544,1551,1771,1796,1800],"entire":[519],"TupperBots":[523],"shared":[526],"arena\u2014and":[527],"demonstrated":[528,1179],"how":[529,1242,1730],"emerged":[533],"process":[536,740],"qualitatively":[538],"different,":[539],"effective,":[542],"(their":[550],"electrified":[554],"floor":[555],"alternative":[558],"tethers":[560],"innovative).":[563],"Zykov":[564],"dynamic":[568],"open-loop":[569],"gaits":[570,681],"large":[573,586,1054],"hexapod":[574],"remarking":[576],"upon":[577],"amount":[579,874],"labor":[581],"required":[582,1579],"reset":[584],"trials":[590,1057,1165],"[21].Several":[591],"research":[595],"areas":[596],"been":[598,1671],"realm":[601],"problems":[603],"easier":[606],"physically":[609,1498],"they":[611,999,1263,1367,1754,1765,1775,1789],"simulate":[614],"realistically.":[615],"In":[616,1761],"\u201cevolutionary":[620],"fabrication\u201d":[621],"[16,":[622],"12],":[623],"Rieffel":[624],"colleagues":[626,1014,1424],"algorithm":[631],"3D":[634,1456,1743],"printer,":[635,1457],"learning":[636,1168],"produce":[638],"variety":[640],"shapes":[642,656],"viscous":[645],"extruded":[646],"materials":[647],"such":[648,1731],"silicone.":[650],"These":[651,1112],"efforts":[652],"led":[653,692],"novel":[655,658,1438],"means":[659,789],"producing":[661],"shapes)":[663],"no":[665],"human":[666,1043],"would":[667,1818],"designed.":[669],"Similarly,":[670],"recently,":[673,882],"Rieffel's":[674],"vibration-based":[680],"tensegrity":[683,709],"robots":[684,784,805,933,936,1108,1142,1197,1489,1523,1533,1684,1706,1741,1769,1817],"[15]":[685],"relied":[686],"purely":[687],"trials,":[690],"not":[693,716],"only":[694,938],"fast":[696],"dynamically":[698],"gaits,":[700],"but":[701],"also":[702,1156,1417,1790],"state-machine-based":[705],"controller":[706,1292,1309,1324,1343],"chase":[713],"targets":[714],"[9].While":[715],"all":[721,1061],"many":[723,1837],"benefits,":[724],"take":[728],"advantage":[729,1371,1386],"experiments":[735,1811],"accelerate":[737],"while":[741],"keeping":[742],"direct":[744],"link":[745],"A":[750,817,1624],"start":[755],"then":[760],"finish":[761],"robot(s);":[766],"instance,":[770],"what":[771],"Lipson":[772,1519],"Pollack":[774],"did":[775],"morphology":[779,1708],"controllers":[781,930,1375,1677],"3D-printed":[783,1532,1751,1758],"[13].":[785],"However,":[786],"approach":[788,1470],"designs":[791,1476,1652],"variants":[797],"second,":[818],"classic":[819],"data":[824,876],"collected":[825],"tests":[827,903,941],"improve":[833,1250],"simulator,":[835,897],"ideally":[836],"make":[838],"so":[842,1137,1568,1773],"small":[843,1278],"becomes":[846],"unnoticeable":[847],"[2,":[848],"20].":[849],"Nevertheless,":[850,1689],"do":[852],"so,":[853],"need":[855,1861],"generic":[858],"model":[861,1592],"almost":[862],"anything":[863],"could":[865,899,1734,1776],"happen,":[866],"which,":[867],"turn,":[869],"requires":[870],"acquiring":[871],"considerable":[873],"More":[881],"weaker":[884],"version":[885],"emerged:":[890],"Instead":[891],"trying":[893],"correct":[895],"one":[898,1505,1528],"few":[902],"learn":[909],"avoid":[911],"exploit":[915],"phenomena":[916],"inaccurately":[919],"simulated.":[920],"Following":[921],"concept,":[923,1073],"Koos":[924],"managed":[927],"six-legged":[932],"Khepera-like":[935],"dozen":[940],"[10,":[946],"11,":[947],"14].Despite":[948],"numerous":[949],"advances":[950],"technology,":[955],"prescient":[958],"words":[959],"about":[960],"crucial":[962],"role":[963,1889],"remain":[968],"true":[970],"ever,":[972],"exciting":[978],"ever.We":[980],"editors":[982],"present":[986,1069,1543],"articles":[988,1822],"selected":[991],"published":[994],"issue.":[997,1434],"Collectively":[998],"provide":[1000,1823],"inspiring":[1002],"snapshot":[1003],"state":[1006],"systems.Jacobsen":[1012],"experimental":[1017,1176],"setup":[1018,1079,1154],"removes":[1020],"burden":[1022],"manually":[1024],"setting":[1025,1809],"(e.g.,":[1028,1166,1189],"moving":[1029,1192,1525],"robot(s)":[1031],"object(s)":[1033],"back":[1034,1141],"initial":[1037,1065,1147],"positions":[1038,1124],"orientations)":[1040],"supervisor.":[1044],"relevant":[1048],"robotics,":[1051,1151],"number":[1055,1577],"generally":[1059],"required,":[1060],"starting":[1062],"conditions.":[1066],"authors":[1068,1218],"proof":[1071],"tested":[1074],"arena":[1082,1772],"1":[1084],"0.5":[1086],"m,":[1087],"makes":[1089],"industrial":[1093],"arm,":[1095,1449],"camera,":[1097],"fiducial":[1099,1113],"markers":[1100,1114],"stuck":[1104],"top":[1106],"objects":[1110,1144,1193],"alike.":[1111],"used":[1116,1158,1472],"monitoring":[1119],"experiments,":[1121],"tracking":[1123],"orientations,":[1126],"visual":[1129],"anchors":[1130],"arm":[1134],"grab":[1136],"move":[1140],"positions.":[1148],"Beyond":[1149],"proposed":[1153],"may":[1155],"setups":[1162],"involving":[1163],"multiple":[1164],"reinforcement":[1167],"evolution),":[1171],"whether":[1172],"resetting":[1174],"setup,":[1177],"article,":[1182],"or":[1183,1195],"other,":[1185],"dynamical":[1187],"interventions":[1188],"conditionally":[1191],"transporting":[1196],"during":[1198],"course":[1200],"experiment).":[1203],"To":[1204,1850],"ensure":[1205],"adopted":[1211],"easily":[1213],"deployed":[1214],"others,":[1216],"included":[1220],"source":[1222],"code":[1223],"detailed":[1226],"description":[1227],"technical":[1230],"aspects":[1231],"setup.In":[1234],"contribution,":[1236,1725],"Scheper":[1237,1335],"de":[1239,1337],"Croon":[1240,1338],"choosing":[1243],"appropriate":[1245],"level":[1246,1308],"abstraction":[1248],"transfer":[1252,1330],"gap.":[1259],"domain":[1262],"decentralized":[1269],"formation":[1270],"flying":[1271],"three":[1277],"airborne":[1279],"vehicles":[1280,1362],"controlled":[1281],"networks.":[1284],"They":[1285,1435],"compare":[1286],"performance":[1288],"low-level":[1291],"precise":[1295],"control":[1296],"over":[1297],"vehicle":[1298],"dynamics":[1299],"(pitch":[1300],"rate,":[1301],"pitch":[1302],"angle,":[1303],"etc.)":[1304],"against":[1305],"higher":[1307],"uses":[1311],"abstract":[1314,1590],"velocity":[1315],"setpoint.":[1316],"After":[1317],"(in":[1319],"simulation),":[1320],"abstract-level":[1323],"better":[1326,1345],"survive":[1329],"suggest":[1339],"higher-level":[1342],"perform":[1348],"kind":[1350],"environmental":[1352],"exploration":[1353],"inherently":[1355],"modeling":[1356],"swarm.":[1365],"As":[1366],"point":[1368],"out,":[1369],"abstracted":[1374],"reduces":[1379],"necessity":[1381],"high-fidelity":[1383,1882],"simulation\u2014an":[1384],"important":[1385],"tasks.":[1390],"impressed":[1393],"insights":[1396],"article":[1399],"regard":[1401],"tradeoffs":[1404],"fidelity":[1407],"behavior.":[1410],"flight":[1412],"videos":[1413],"YouTube":[1415],"quite":[1418],"impressive.The":[1419],"Vujovic":[1422],"very":[1426,1513],"much":[1427,1514,1702,1716],"spirit":[1430],"special":[1433],"robot-building":[1439],"composed":[1441],"hot-melt":[1444],"extruder":[1445],"articulated":[1448],"acts":[1451],"sort":[1454],"fabricating":[1460],"legs":[1462],"modular":[1465],"robots.":[1466,1760],"An":[1467],"developmental":[1469],"\u201cgrow\u201d":[1474],"legs,":[1479],"once":[1481],"printed,":[1482],"locomotive":[1484],"abilities":[1485],"printed":[1488],"automatically":[1491],"evaluated":[1492],"situ.":[1494],"type":[1496],"integrated":[1500],"design-fabricate-test":[1501],"loop,":[1502],"evolves":[1507],"assembles":[1509],"vein":[1517],"Pollack's":[1521],"GOLEM":[1522],"[13],":[1524],"field":[1527,1698,1828,1844],"closer":[1530],"walk":[1536],"themselves":[1537],"off":[1538],"printer.Preen":[1540],"Bull":[1542,1587],"interesting":[1545,1801],"theoretical":[1546],"analysis":[1547,1571],"followed":[1548],"up":[1549,1810],"actual":[1552],"case":[1554,1626],"study.":[1555],"Evaluation":[1556],"artefacts":[1559,1655],"commonly":[1561],"time-consuming":[1563],"aspect":[1564],"EPS,":[1567],"thorough":[1570],"methods":[1573],"minimize":[1575],"evaluations":[1580],"greatly":[1582],"boost":[1583],"applicability.":[1584],"Preen":[1585],"employ":[1588],"NKCS":[1591],"coevolution":[1594],"achieve":[1596],"this:":[1597],"It":[1598],"enables":[1599],"informed":[1600],"sampling":[1601],"candidate":[1603],"coevolutionary":[1607],"scenario,":[1608],"various":[1610],"components":[1611],"interact":[1616],"combination":[1618],"neural-net-based":[1621],"surrogate":[1622],"model.":[1623],"successful":[1625],"study":[1627],"heterogeneous":[1631],"set":[1632],"vertical":[1634],"wind":[1635,1638],"turbines":[1636],"farms":[1639],"shows":[1640],"applicability":[1642],"relevance":[1644],"method":[1647],"relying":[1657],"simulation.For":[1659],"obvious":[1660],"reasons,":[1662],"most":[1663,1690],"focused":[1672],"existing":[1679],"fixed":[1687],"morphology.":[1688],"interested":[1695],"dream":[1699],"ambitious":[1704],"vision:":[1705],"brains":[1710],"own,":[1715],"same":[1719],"ways":[1720],"animals":[1722],"evolve.In":[1723],"Jelisavcic":[1726],"investigate":[1729],"achieved":[1736],"printing":[1744],"technology.":[1745],"Using":[1746],"RoboGen":[1748],"modules":[1752],"[1],":[1753],"designed":[1756],"two":[1759,1768],"step,":[1764],"put":[1766],"exchange":[1777],"genome":[1779],"create":[1781],"genotype":[1783],"third":[1786],"3D-printed.":[1791],"experiment":[1798],"stepping":[1802],"stone":[1803],"identify":[1805],"challenges":[1807,1841],"autonomously.Overall,":[1820],"valuable":[1824],"contributions":[1825],"demonstrating":[1835],"current":[1840],"technological":[1847],"scientific:":[1849],"design":[1851],"machines":[1852,1862,1870,1877],"self-reproduce":[1865],"or,":[1866],"least,":[1868],"autonomous":[1869],"turn":[1874],"help":[1875],"evolve.":[1879],"And":[1880],"until":[1881],"developed,":[1887],"remains":[1896],"essential.":[1897]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}