{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289885584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00372","title":"Using the Comparative Hybrid Approach to Disentangle the Role of Substrate Choice on the Evolution of Cognition","display_name":"Using the Comparative Hybrid Approach to Disentangle the Role of Substrate Choice on the Evolution of Cognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289885584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00372","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35929774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005842847","display_name":"C. Bohm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-4317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clifford Bohm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action. cliff.bohm@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action. cliff.bohm@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019012187","display_name":"Sarah Albani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801880735","display_name":"Action for ME","ror":"https://ror.org/0569v7v35","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801880735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Albani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, Department of Neuroscience, Lyman Briggs College BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","Michigan State University, Department of Neuroscience, Lyman Briggs College, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, Department of Neuroscience, Lyman Briggs College BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801880735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, Department of Neuroscience, Lyman Briggs College, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026353119","display_name":"Charles Ofria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-1732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109333","display_name":"Evolutionary Genomics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021z7gb33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109333"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Ofria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, Department of Computer Science Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Biology BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","Michigan State University, Department of Computer Science, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, Department of Computer Science Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Biology BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109333"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, Department of Computer Science, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028253422","display_name":"Acacia L. Ackles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-1233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109333","display_name":"Evolutionary Genomics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021z7gb33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109333"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Acacia Ackles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Biology BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Biology BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109333"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Biology, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005842847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62570271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"423","last_page":"439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7643219232559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5573121905326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4746321439743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4515319764614105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3456825017929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.139112651348114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7643219232559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5573121905326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4746321439743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4515319764614105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3456825017929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.139112651348114}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35929774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35929774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965398296","https://openalex.org/W1998567810","https://openalex.org/W2000697043","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2041788160","https://openalex.org/W2073089243","https://openalex.org/W2102203250","https://openalex.org/W2104281515","https://openalex.org/W2130459697","https://openalex.org/W2147276070","https://openalex.org/W2166110729","https://openalex.org/W2561848204","https://openalex.org/W2724228633","https://openalex.org/W2754697621","https://openalex.org/W2756234113","https://openalex.org/W2769559856","https://openalex.org/W2797123983","https://openalex.org/W2914030705","https://openalex.org/W2944851425","https://openalex.org/W2973109175","https://openalex.org/W2995098893","https://openalex.org/W3042724039","https://openalex.org/W3098500079","https://openalex.org/W3119072596","https://openalex.org/W3183720323","https://openalex.org/W4251641598","https://openalex.org/W6604157097","https://openalex.org/W6729429595","https://openalex.org/W6775002999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,17,98,122,150,193,197,223,240],"structure":[2],"and":[3,35,76,126,144,152,185,196,208,222],"evolution":[4],"of":[5,11,19,87,100,154,157,188,202,220],"natural":[6],"cognition":[7],"is":[8,16,31],"a":[9,41,119,128,164,200],"topic":[10],"broad":[12],"scientific":[13],"interest,":[14],"as":[15,67],"development":[18],"an":[20,64],"engineering":[21],"toolkit":[22],"to":[23,37,71,74,96,108,167],"construct":[24],"artificial":[25,139],"cognitive":[26],"systems.":[27],"One":[28],"open":[29],"question":[30],"determining":[32],"which":[33],"components":[34,133],"techniques":[36],"use":[38],"in":[39,81,163],"such":[40],"toolkit.":[42],"To":[43],"investigate":[44],"this":[45,82],"question,":[46],"we":[47,178,212,216],"employ":[48],"agent-based":[49],"AI,":[50],"using":[51],"simple":[52],"computational":[53,89,254],"substrates":[54,90,159,171,195],"(i.e.,":[55],"digital":[56],"brains)":[57],"undergoing":[58],"rapid":[59],"evolution.":[60],"Such":[61],"systems":[62],"are":[63,69,91],"ideal":[65],"choice":[66],"they":[68],"fast":[70],"process,":[72],"easy":[73],"manipulate,":[75],"transparent":[77],"for":[78],"analysis.":[79],"Even":[80],"limited":[83],"domain,":[84],"however,":[85],"hundreds":[86],"different":[88,101,206],"used.":[92],"While":[93,211],"benchmarks":[94],"exist":[95],"compare":[97],"quality":[99],"substrates,":[102],"little":[103],"work":[104],"has":[105],"been":[106],"done":[107],"build":[109],"broader":[110],"theory":[111],"on":[112,180],"how":[113],"substrate":[114],"features":[115],"interact.":[116],"We":[117,148,191],"propose":[118],"technique":[120],"called":[121],"Comparative":[123,241],"Hybrid":[124,242],"Approach":[125,243],"develop":[127],"proof-of-concept":[129],"by":[130,160],"systematically":[131],"analyzing":[132],"from":[134],"three":[135],"evolvable":[136],"substrates:":[137],"recurrent":[138],"neural":[140],"networks,":[141],"Markov":[142,224],"brains,":[143],"Cartesian":[145],"genetic":[146],"programming.":[147],"study":[149],"role":[151],"interaction":[153],"individual":[155],"elements":[156],"these":[158],"recombining":[161],"them":[162],"piecewise":[165],"manner":[166],"form":[168],"new":[169],"hybrid":[170],"that":[172,218,239,248],"can":[173,244],"be":[174],"empirically":[175],"tested.":[176],"Here,":[177],"focus":[179],"network":[181],"sparsity,":[182],"memory":[183,209,221],"discretization,":[184],"logic":[186,207,226],"operators":[187],"each":[189],"substrate.":[190],"test":[192,234],"original":[194],"hybrids":[198],"across":[199,232,252],"suite":[201],"distinct":[203],"environments":[204],"with":[205,229],"requirements.":[210],"observe":[213],"many":[214],"trends,":[215],"see":[217],"discreteness":[219],"brain":[225],"gates":[227],"correlate":[228],"high":[230],"performance":[231,251],"our":[233],"conditions.":[235],"Our":[236],"results":[237],"demonstrate":[238],"identify":[245],"structural":[246],"subcomponents":[247],"predict":[249],"task":[250],"multiple":[253],"substrates.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}