{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996602253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00316","title":"Evolving Connectionist Models to Capture Population Variability across Language Development: Modeling Children's Past Tense Formation","display_name":"Evolving Connectionist Models to Capture Population Variability across Language Development: Modeling Children's Past Tense Formation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996602253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00316","mag":"2996602253","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32271632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00316","pdf_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/29175/1/Kohli.etal_revised_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/29175/1/Kohli.etal_revised_final.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075026397","display_name":"Maitrei Kohli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maitrei Kohli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of London, Birkbeck College, Department of Computer Science & Information Systems"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London, Birkbeck College, Department of Computer Science & Information Systems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050583872","display_name":"George D. Magoulas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-0772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George D. Magoulas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of London, Birkbeck College, Department of Computer Science & Information Systems, Knowledge Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London, Birkbeck College, Department of Computer Science & Information Systems, Knowledge Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080481951","display_name":"Michael S. C. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-6011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. C. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Londo,n Birkbeck College, Department of Psychological Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Londo,n Birkbeck College, Department of Psychological Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075026397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8176,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83149708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"217","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9555000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.616855800151825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.6109665632247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5941373705863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5892889499664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5650383234024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48427408933639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.45456770062446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/past-tense","display_name":"Past tense","score":0.42849239706993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40067195892333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3770260214805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verb","display_name":"Verb","score":0.33778566122055054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.616855800151825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6109665632247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5941373705863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5892889499664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5650383234024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48427408933639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.45456770062446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776626494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1994301","display_name":"Past tense","level":3,"score":0.42849239706993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40067195892333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3770260214805603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24905","display_name":"Verb","level":2,"score":0.33778566122055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007804","descriptor_name":"Language Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007804","descriptor_name":"Language Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007804","descriptor_name":"Language Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007804","descriptor_name":"Language Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014427","descriptor_name":"Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014427","descriptor_name":"Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014427","descriptor_name":"Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014427","descriptor_name":"Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00316","pdf_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/29175/1/Kohli.etal_revised_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32271632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32271632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.bbk.ac.uk.oai2:29175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/29175/1/Kohli.etal_revised_final.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/29175/1/Kohli.etal_revised_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400465","display_name":"BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","host_organization_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10122520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10122520/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life , 26 (2) pp. 217-241. (2020)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00316","pdf_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/29175/1/Kohli.etal_revised_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996602253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2996602253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356913","https://openalex.org/W1479678210","https://openalex.org/W1484811165","https://openalex.org/W1485633403","https://openalex.org/W1486989822","https://openalex.org/W1494453148","https://openalex.org/W1505797677","https://openalex.org/W1521481128","https://openalex.org/W1564017569","https://openalex.org/W1588942736","https://openalex.org/W1591423336","https://openalex.org/W1868846960","https://openalex.org/W1969795783","https://openalex.org/W1971259134","https://openalex.org/W1972416215","https://openalex.org/W1992837877","https://openalex.org/W2000603059","https://openalex.org/W2013196231","https://openalex.org/W2015929848","https://openalex.org/W2025032307","https://openalex.org/W2030813262","https://openalex.org/W2035946064","https://openalex.org/W2036659801","https://openalex.org/W2036836636","https://openalex.org/W2043628223","https://openalex.org/W2072319015","https://openalex.org/W2082568609","https://openalex.org/W2086504012","https://openalex.org/W2094249282","https://openalex.org/W2104753619","https://openalex.org/W2105230913","https://openalex.org/W2107189769","https://openalex.org/W2107818203","https://openalex.org/W2117408259","https://openalex.org/W2120717621","https://openalex.org/W2135547275","https://openalex.org/W2141088880","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2147834809","https://openalex.org/W2148317584","https://openalex.org/W2154986159","https://openalex.org/W2160995891","https://openalex.org/W2161070585","https://openalex.org/W2168552356","https://openalex.org/W2170716495","https://openalex.org/W2262473946","https://openalex.org/W2328091329","https://openalex.org/W2549046034","https://openalex.org/W2571532437","https://openalex.org/W2594908799","https://openalex.org/W2767239754","https://openalex.org/W2865736256","https://openalex.org/W2896342372","https://openalex.org/W3124549309","https://openalex.org/W3125018156","https://openalex.org/W3147653952","https://openalex.org/W3215946013","https://openalex.org/W4211148385","https://openalex.org/W4231016000","https://openalex.org/W4244103815","https://openalex.org/W4247827174","https://openalex.org/W7057439426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239286632","https://openalex.org/W3216005550","https://openalex.org/W2789025203","https://openalex.org/W2808317785","https://openalex.org/W4220968855","https://openalex.org/W1528013023","https://openalex.org/W2940549071","https://openalex.org/W4392392643","https://openalex.org/W2482513371","https://openalex.org/W161539149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Children's":[0],"acquisition":[1],"of":[2,17,26,32,80,82,101,119,129,139,151,156,174,187,200,218,238,246,254,263,276,300,308,326,340,355,366,371,390,407,416,422],"the":[3,78,103,117,137,154,166,172,178,188,215,236,243,261,274,282,356,360,364,369,388,404,408,414],"English":[4,29,111,226],"past":[5,40,53,112,209,227],"tense":[6,41,113,210],"has":[7],"been":[8],"widely":[9],"studied":[10],"as":[11,223,403,420],"a":[12,24,44,162,184,198,231,267,352,379,432],"testing":[13],"ground":[14],"for":[15,65,191,383],"theories":[16],"language":[18,67],"development,":[19,68,426],"mostly":[20],"because":[21],"it":[22],"comprises":[23],"set":[25,190],"quasi-regular":[27,283],"mappings.":[28],"verbs":[30],"are":[31,142,159],"two":[33],"types:":[34],"regular":[35,333],"verbs,":[36,49,334,336],"which":[37,50],"form":[38,51],"their":[39,52],"based":[42,241],"on":[43,208,242,278,281,312,363],"productive":[45],"rule,":[46],"and":[47,131,153,182,205,212,248,258,297,359,378,427],"irregular":[48,335],"tenses":[54],"through":[55,144],"exceptions":[56],"to":[57,90,96,165,177,202,213,234,320,331,343,396],"that":[58,87],"rule.":[59],"Although":[60],"many":[61],"connectionist":[62],"models":[63,99],"exist":[64],"capturing":[66,102],"few":[69],"consider":[70],"individual":[71,256,288,313,423],"differences.":[72],"In":[73,134],"this":[74,309],"article,":[75],"we":[76],"explore":[77],"use":[79,230],"populations":[81],"artificial":[83,179],"neural":[84],"networks":[85],"(ANNs)":[86],"evolve":[88],"according":[89],"behavioral":[91,120],"genetics":[92,121],"principles":[93],"in":[94,109,116,124,127,146,266,315,368],"order":[95],"create":[97,235],"computational":[98,149,434],"capable":[100],"population":[104,199,237,327,409],"variability":[105,123,219],"exhibited":[106,220],"by":[107,221],"children":[108,222],"acquiring":[110],"verbs.":[114],"Literature":[115],"field":[118],"views":[122],"children's":[125],"learning":[126,180,381],"terms":[128],"genetic":[130,140,204,405],"environmental":[132,157,206],"influences.":[133],"our":[135,271,301],"model,":[136,310],"effects":[138,155],"influences":[141,158,207],"simulated":[143,160,193],"variations":[145],"parameters":[147],"controlling":[148],"properties":[150],"ANNs,":[152],"via":[161],"filter":[163,170],"applied":[164],"training":[167,189],"set.":[168],"This":[169,250],"alters":[171],"quality":[173],"information":[175],"available":[176],"system":[181],"creates":[183],"unique":[185],"subsample":[186],"each":[192,384],"individual.":[194,385],"Our":[195],"approach":[196,251,272],"uses":[197],"twins":[201,240],"disentangle":[203],"performance":[211,280],"capture":[214],"wide":[216],"range":[217],"they":[224],"learn":[225],"tenses.":[228],"We":[229,303],"novel":[232,298,322],"technique":[233],"ANN":[239],"biological":[244],"processes":[245],"meiosis":[247],"fertilization.":[249],"allows":[252],"modeling":[253],"both":[255],"differences":[257,289,314],"development":[259],"(within":[260],"lifespan":[262],"an":[264,291,295,305,393],"individual)":[265],"single":[268,433],"framework.":[269,435],"Finally,":[270],"permits":[273],"application":[275],"selection":[277,330,349,367,373,428],"developmental":[279,345],"task":[284,357],"across":[285],"generations.":[286],"Setting":[287],"within":[290,431],"evolutionary":[292],"framework":[293],"is":[294],"important":[296],"contribution":[299],"work.":[302],"present":[304],"experimental":[306],"evaluation":[307],"focusing":[311],"performance.":[316],"The":[317,411],"experiments":[318],"led":[319],"several":[321],"findings,":[323],"including:":[324],"divergence":[325],"attributes":[328],"during":[329],"favor":[332],"or":[337],"both;":[338],"evidence":[339],"canalization,":[341],"analogous":[342],"Waddington's":[344],"epigenetic":[346],"landscape,":[347],"once":[348],"starts":[350],"targeting":[351],"particular":[353],"aspect":[354],"domain;":[358],"limiting":[361],"effect":[362],"power":[365],"face":[370],"stochastic":[372],"(roulette":[374],"wheel),":[375],"sexual":[376],"reproduction,":[377],"variable":[380],"environment":[382],"Most":[386],"notably,":[387],"heritability":[389,402,421],"traits":[391,399],"showed":[392],"inverse":[394],"relationship":[395],"optimization.":[397],"Selected":[398],"show":[400],"lower":[401],"variation":[406],"reduces.":[410],"simulations":[412],"demonstrate":[413],"viability":[415],"linking":[417],"concepts":[418],"such":[419],"differences,":[424],"cognitive":[425],"over":[429],"generations":[430]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}