{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904350316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00286","title":"On the Potential for Open-Endedness in Neural Networks","display_name":"On the Potential for Open-Endedness in Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904350316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00286","mag":"2904350316","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31150292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014368918","display_name":"Nicholas Guttenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-2141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111488","display_name":"Life Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01yeyd808","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156061","display_name":"Earth-Life Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/031dp5151","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698","https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I4387156061"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Guttenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Araya Inc","Earth-life Science Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Araya Inc","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth-life Science Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111488","https://openalex.org/I4387156061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060476001","display_name":"Nathaniel Virgo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111488","display_name":"Life Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01yeyd808","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156061","display_name":"Earth-Life Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/031dp5151","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698","https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I4387156061"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel Virgo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth-life Science Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth-life Science Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111488","https://openalex.org/I4387156061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046702525","display_name":"Alexandra S. Penn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-2862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Penn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Centre for Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, Centre for Research in Social Simulation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Centre for Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, Centre for Research in Social Simulation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014368918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111488","https://openalex.org/I4387156061"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82114981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"145","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7524212002754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6053546071052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.4872790575027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.41834113001823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4175776243209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3246988356113434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7524212002754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6053546071052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.4872790575027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41834113001823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4175776243209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3246988356113434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31150292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31150292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110002104","https://openalex.org/W172298727","https://openalex.org/W1239044758","https://openalex.org/W1490308602","https://openalex.org/W1569749180","https://openalex.org/W1583064184","https://openalex.org/W1591713425","https://openalex.org/W1765868291","https://openalex.org/W1885454347","https://openalex.org/W1982249405","https://openalex.org/W1983153145","https://openalex.org/W1987926673","https://openalex.org/W1988115241","https://openalex.org/W1993444065","https://openalex.org/W2000514530","https://openalex.org/W2004915807","https://openalex.org/W2005097301","https://openalex.org/W2027475699","https://openalex.org/W2029538739","https://openalex.org/W2039879806","https://openalex.org/W2040525210","https://openalex.org/W2059320470","https://openalex.org/W2071188370","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2098753464","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2111935653","https://openalex.org/W2125673923","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2127106511","https://openalex.org/W2135177857","https://openalex.org/W2137825550","https://openalex.org/W2150333870","https://openalex.org/W2151083897","https://openalex.org/W2157258388","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2363970847","https://openalex.org/W2395575420","https://openalex.org/W2419612459","https://openalex.org/W2472819217","https://openalex.org/W2485626290","https://openalex.org/W2530887700","https://openalex.org/W2533753829","https://openalex.org/W2540700018","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2554314924","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2584336120","https://openalex.org/W2585630030","https://openalex.org/W2596982695","https://openalex.org/W2602275733","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2614839826","https://openalex.org/W2618097077","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2752860283","https://openalex.org/W2755546070","https://openalex.org/W2762117857","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2771317710","https://openalex.org/W2775461895","https://openalex.org/W2788266634","https://openalex.org/W2799269579","https://openalex.org/W2804047946","https://openalex.org/W2807689925","https://openalex.org/W2808809512","https://openalex.org/W2829371370","https://openalex.org/W2883322270","https://openalex.org/W2888480348","https://openalex.org/W2899205164","https://openalex.org/W2912315457","https://openalex.org/W2950149565","https://openalex.org/W2950220847","https://openalex.org/W2950527759","https://openalex.org/W2951775809","https://openalex.org/W2952127252","https://openalex.org/W2953030256","https://openalex.org/W2962843773","https://openalex.org/W2963235507","https://openalex.org/W2963523627","https://openalex.org/W2963775850","https://openalex.org/W3204089767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4306321456","https://openalex.org/W4285260836","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4210841218","https://openalex.org/W3088447613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"evolution":[1],"gives":[2],"the":[3,34,51,75,85,112,119,136,139,145,179],"impression":[4],"of":[5,11,53,88,91,99,183],"leading":[6],"to":[7,20,49,64,72,95,152,157,162,165,168,177],"an":[8,27],"open-ended":[9,184],"process":[10],"increasing":[12],"diversity":[13],"and":[14,41,78,93,116,122,154,172,181],"complexity.":[15],"If":[16],"our":[17],"goal":[18],"is":[19],"produce":[21],"such":[22],"open-endedness":[23,73],"artificially,":[24],"this":[25,60],"suggests":[26,149],"approach":[28,77,178],"driven":[29],"by":[30,68],"evolutionary":[31,86,129,171],"metaphor.":[32],"On":[33],"other":[35],"hand,":[36],"techniques":[37],"from":[38],"machine":[39,113,146,174],"learning":[40,114,147,175],"artificial":[42],"intelligence":[43],"are":[44,81],"often":[45],"considered":[46],"too":[47],"narrow":[48],"provide":[50],"sort":[52],"exploratory":[54],"dynamics":[55],"associated":[56],"with":[57,83],"evolution.":[58],"In":[59],"article,":[61],"we":[62,160],"hope":[63,161],"bridge":[65],"that":[66,124],"gap":[67],"reviewing":[69],"common":[70],"barriers":[71,127,156],"in":[74,84,111,128,144],"evolution-inspired":[76],"how":[79,104,118],"they":[80],"dealt":[82],"case-collapse":[87],"diversity,":[89],"saturation":[90],"complexity,":[92],"failure":[94],"form":[96,140],"new":[97,150],"kinds":[98],"individuality.":[100],"We":[101],"then":[102],"show":[103],"these":[105,141],"problems":[106],"map":[107],"onto":[108],"similar":[109],"ones":[110],"approach,":[115],"discuss":[117],"same":[120,137],"insights":[121],"solutions":[123],"alleviated":[125],"those":[126],"approaches":[130],"can":[131],"be":[132,166],"ported":[133],"over.":[134],"At":[135],"time,":[138],"issues":[142],"take":[143],"formulation":[148],"ways":[151],"analyze":[153],"resolve":[155],"open-endedness.":[158],"Ultimately,":[159],"inspire":[163],"researchers":[164],"able":[167],"interchangeably":[169],"use":[170],"gradient-descent-based":[173],"methods":[176],"design":[180],"creation":[182],"systems.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}