{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024978276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00151","title":"Creating and Maintaining Chemical Artificial Life by Robotic Symbiosis","display_name":"Creating and Maintaining Chemical Artificial Life by Robotic Symbiosis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024978276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00151","mag":"2024978276","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25514433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.itu.dk/portal/da/publications/f864a56b-b0aa-4695-ae59-a36753cf1b5c","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010364068","display_name":"Martin M. Hanczyc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-2139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["DK","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin M. Hanczyc","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento and University of Southern Denmark","University of Trento and University of Southern Denmark#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento and University of Southern Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490","https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento and University of Southern Denmark#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490","https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057297669","display_name":"Juan M. Parrilla","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Parrilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067977107","display_name":"Arwen Nicholson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-9958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arwen Nicholson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Denmark","[University of Southern Denmark]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern Denmark]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091887317","display_name":"Kliment Yanev","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kliment Yanev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Bits OpenTech UG","Future Bits OpenTech UG#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Bits OpenTech UG","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Bits OpenTech UG#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013743642","display_name":"Kasper St\u00f8y","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-2487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","display_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/02309jg23","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasper Stoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT University of Copenhagen","IT-UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT University of Copenhagen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT-UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91157798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"47","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6976803541183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.676139771938324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-life","display_name":"Artificial life","score":0.6336613297462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6137326955795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.47370025515556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.44903185963630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.44757843017578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4322702884674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3301750421524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15886855125427246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6976803541183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.676139771938324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19273510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263847","display_name":"Artificial life","level":2,"score":0.6336613297462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6137326955795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.47370025515556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44903185963630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.44757843017578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4322702884674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3301750421524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15886855125427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25514433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25514433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/f864a56b-b0aa-4695-ae59-a36753cf1b5c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.itu.dk/portal/da/publications/f864a56b-b0aa-4695-ae59-a36753cf1b5c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196680","display_name":"IT University Of Copenhagen (IT University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","host_organization_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hanczyc, M, Parrilla, J M, Nicholson, A, Yanev, K & St\u00f8y, K 2015, 'Creating and Maintaining Chemical Artificial Life by Robotic Symbiosis', Artificial Life, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1162/ARTL_a_00151","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire/3b9790a6-8bcc-4d55-acce-df3d321dc9f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/3b9790a6-8bcc-4d55-acce-df3d321dc9f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hanczyc, M M, Parrilla, J M, Nicholson, A, Yanev, K & Stoy, K 2015, 'Creating and maintaining chemical artificial life by robotic symbiosis', Artificial Life, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1162/ARTL_a_00151","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/44b58a1c-7e67-47df-846c-0991a5d9873a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/44b58a1c-7e67-47df-846c-0991a5d9873a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402566","display_name":"ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","host_organization_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hanczyc , M M , Parrilla , J M , Nicholson , A , Yanev , K & Stoy , K 2015 , ' Creating and maintaining chemical artificial life by robotic symbiosis ' , Artificial Life , vol. 21 , no. 1 , pp. 47-54 . https://doi.org/10.1162/ARTL_a_00151","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:206141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/206141/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/100807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ARTL_a_00151#.VLkQCmRKvuW","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:Publications/3b9790a6-8bcc-4d55-acce-df3d321dc9f4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:publications/3b9790a6-8bcc-4d55-acce-df3d321dc9f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84922691692&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hanczyc , M M , Parrilla , J M , Nicholson , A , Yanev , K & Stoy , K 2015 , ' Creating and maintaining chemical artificial life by robotic symbiosis ' , Artificial Life , vol. 21 , no. 1 , pp. 47-54 . https://doi.org/10.1162/ARTL_a_00151","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/f864a56b-b0aa-4695-ae59-a36753cf1b5c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.itu.dk/portal/da/publications/f864a56b-b0aa-4695-ae59-a36753cf1b5c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196680","display_name":"IT University Of Copenhagen (IT University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","host_organization_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hanczyc, M, Parrilla, J M, Nicholson, A, Yanev, K & St\u00f8y, K 2015, 'Creating and Maintaining Chemical Artificial Life by Robotic Symbiosis', Artificial Life, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1162/ARTL_a_00151","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310459","display_name":"Statens Naturvidenskabelige Forskningsrad","ror":"https://ror.org/00znyv691"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992761037","https://openalex.org/W2000196103","https://openalex.org/W2024998455","https://openalex.org/W2082731642","https://openalex.org/W2086400909","https://openalex.org/W2130707354","https://openalex.org/W2135018042","https://openalex.org/W2135660333","https://openalex.org/W2157785142","https://openalex.org/W2339009915","https://openalex.org/W2488224828","https://openalex.org/W4211125927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2735662278","https://openalex.org/W2382615723","https://openalex.org/W4405331580","https://openalex.org/W4311804456","https://openalex.org/W2992534160","https://openalex.org/W1595058678","https://openalex.org/W3022812046","https://openalex.org/W2913708228","https://openalex.org/W2149814064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,25,34,38,87,92,99,134],"robotic":[3,146],"platform":[4],"based":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,22,44,47,62,66,77,138],"open":[8,106],"source":[9,107],"RepRap":[10],"3D":[11],"printer":[12],"that":[13,49,96,123],"can":[14,54],"print":[15],"and":[16,37,68,79,111,118,129,145],"maintain":[17],"chemical":[18,27,83,94],"artificial":[19,143,149],"life":[20],"in":[21,98],"form":[23],"of":[24,46,65,120,141],"dynamic,":[26],"droplet.":[28],"The":[29,52,70],"robot":[30,53,71],"uses":[31],"computer":[32],"vision,":[33],"self-organizing":[35],"map,":[36],"learning":[39],"program":[40],"to":[41,59,74,85,148],"automatically":[42],"categorize":[43],"behavior":[45],"droplet":[48,67,78],"it":[50],"creates.":[51],"then":[55],"use":[56],"this":[57],"categorization":[58],"autonomously":[60],"detect":[61],"current":[63],"state":[64,89,100],"respond.":[69],"is":[72,133],"programmed":[73],"visually":[75],"track":[76],"either":[80],"inject":[81],"more":[82],"fuel":[84],"sustain":[86],"motile":[88],"or":[90],"introduce":[91],"new":[93],"component":[95],"results":[97],"change":[101],"(e.g.,":[102],"division).":[103],"Coupling":[104],"inexpensive":[105],"hardware":[108],"with":[109],"sensing":[110],"feedback":[112],"allows":[113],"for":[114],"replicable":[115],"real-time":[116],"manipulation":[117],"monitoring":[119],"nonequilibrium":[121],"systems":[122],"would":[124],"be":[125],"otherwise":[126],"tedious,":[127],"expensive,":[128],"error-prone.":[130],"This":[131],"system":[132],"first":[135],"step":[136],"towards":[137],"practical":[139],"confluence":[140],"chemical,":[142],"intelligence,":[144],"approaches":[147],"life.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}