{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119796324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00088","title":"Toward Anthropomimetic Robotics: Development, Simulation, and Control of a Musculoskeletal Torso","display_name":"Toward Anthropomimetic Robotics: Development, Simulation, and Control of a Musculoskeletal Torso","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119796324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00088","mag":"2119796324","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23186343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00088","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/19/1/171/1667669/artl_a_00088.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/19/1/171/1667669/artl_a_00088.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036728545","display_name":"Steffen Wittmeier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Wittmeier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075340337","display_name":"Cristiano Alessandro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-4189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristiano Alessandro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020970954","display_name":"Nenad Ba\u0161\u010darevi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nenad Bascarevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Belgrade"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Belgrade","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072978030","display_name":"Konstantinos Dalamagkidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-5379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Dalamagkidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054975311","display_name":"David Devereux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-614X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Devereux","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex","University of Sussex ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070442513","display_name":"Alan Diamond","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Diamond","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex","University of Sussex ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076978445","display_name":"Michael J\u00e4ntsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J\u00e4ntsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010194242","display_name":"Kosta Jovanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-4465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kosta Jovanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Belgrade"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Belgrade","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033881627","display_name":"Rob Knight","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-9019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144102","display_name":"Wuhu Hit Robot Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/049w4dp92","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144102"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Knight","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Robot Studio SARL","The Robot Studio SARL#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Robot Studio SARL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Robot Studio SARL#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053379326","display_name":"Hugo Gravato Marques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-4841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Gravato Marques","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046280085","display_name":"Predrag Milosavljevic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Predrag Milosavljevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Belgrade"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Belgrade","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015412956","display_name":"Bhargav Mitra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhargav Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex","University of Sussex ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005151144","display_name":"Bratislav Svetozarevic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8921-3915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bratislav Svetozarevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Belgrade"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Belgrade","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031790874","display_name":"Veljko Potkonjak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-4717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veljko Potkonjak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Belgrade"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Belgrade","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006591530","display_name":"Rolf Pfeifer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Pfeifer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063781430","display_name":"Alois Knoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alois Knoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036491891","display_name":"Owen Holland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Owen Holland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sussex","University of Sussex ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sussex ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036728545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91437994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"171","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.8095488548278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torso","display_name":"Torso","score":0.7546219825744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.746792733669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6737394332885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.49715664982795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4517417252063751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"Motor control","score":0.44849538803100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4342098832130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.417233943939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.39487186074256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3804433047771454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3518841862678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11843216419219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.11424589157104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08508142828941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.07908722758293152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.8095488548278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523889960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160695","display_name":"Torso","level":2,"score":0.7546219825744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.746792733669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6737394332885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.49715664982795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4517417252063751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.44849538803100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4342098832130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.417233943939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.39487186074256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3804433047771454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3518841862678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11843216419219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11424589157104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08508142828941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.07908722758293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000886","descriptor_name":"Anthropometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000886","descriptor_name":"Anthropometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000886","descriptor_name":"Anthropometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000886","descriptor_name":"Anthropometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008465","descriptor_name":"Mechanoreceptors","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008465","descriptor_name":"Mechanoreceptors","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008465","descriptor_name":"Mechanoreceptors","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008465","descriptor_name":"Mechanoreceptors","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010825","descriptor_name":"Physics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010825","descriptor_name":"Physics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010825","descriptor_name":"Physics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010825","descriptor_name":"Physics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012863","descriptor_name":"Skeleton","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012863","descriptor_name":"Skeleton","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012863","descriptor_name":"Skeleton","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012863","descriptor_name":"Skeleton","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013710","descriptor_name":"Tendons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013710","descriptor_name":"Tendons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013710","descriptor_name":"Tendons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013710","descriptor_name":"Tendons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00088","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/19/1/171/1667669/artl_a_00088.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23186343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23186343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:70086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/70086/1/artl_a_00088-Wittmeyer.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wittmeier, Steffen; Alessandro, Cristiano; Bascarevic, Nenad; Dalamagkidis, Konstantinos; Devereux, David; Diamond, Alan; J\u00e4ntsch, Michael; Jovanovic, Kosta; Knight, Rob; Marques, Hugo Gravato; Milosavljevic, Predrag; Mitra, Bhargav; Svetozarevic, Bratislav; Potkonjak, Veljko; Pfeifer, Rolf; Knoll, Alois; Holland, Owen  (2013). Towards anthropomimetic robotics: Development, simulation, and control of a musculoskeletal torso.  Artificial Life, 19(1):171-193.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/392252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10281/392252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1285840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1285840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9586253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9586253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artif Life","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-70086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-70086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051291","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, ZORA","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00088","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/19/1/171/1667669/artl_a_00088.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2119796324.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2119796324.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84862452","https://openalex.org/W202141910","https://openalex.org/W256776660","https://openalex.org/W1436939209","https://openalex.org/W1560130085","https://openalex.org/W1576660662","https://openalex.org/W1597685670","https://openalex.org/W1602223286","https://openalex.org/W1637456626","https://openalex.org/W1779930666","https://openalex.org/W1779974355","https://openalex.org/W1836404726","https://openalex.org/W1922715780","https://openalex.org/W1956636948","https://openalex.org/W1966062987","https://openalex.org/W1969232476","https://openalex.org/W1972518516","https://openalex.org/W1972837991","https://openalex.org/W1977901979","https://openalex.org/W1980050893","https://openalex.org/W2003138118","https://openalex.org/W2022561860","https://openalex.org/W2024083734","https://openalex.org/W2029917005","https://openalex.org/W2033778608","https://openalex.org/W2041669462","https://openalex.org/W2042959301","https://openalex.org/W2049440433","https://openalex.org/W2058700517","https://openalex.org/W2058905057","https://openalex.org/W2064348375","https://openalex.org/W2067243170","https://openalex.org/W2080119716","https://openalex.org/W2081760916","https://openalex.org/W2090252028","https://openalex.org/W2092035644","https://openalex.org/W2101372425","https://openalex.org/W2104803391","https://openalex.org/W2108154420","https://openalex.org/W2108394619","https://openalex.org/W2111758295","https://openalex.org/W2114069554","https://openalex.org/W2114414717","https://openalex.org/W2118082864","https://openalex.org/W2123546047","https://openalex.org/W2126461357","https://openalex.org/W2132675839","https://openalex.org/W2138671676","https://openalex.org/W2141087051","https://openalex.org/W2143484511","https://openalex.org/W2144207952","https://openalex.org/W2144741745","https://openalex.org/W2147828974","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2154398789","https://openalex.org/W2155581226","https://openalex.org/W2156318728","https://openalex.org/W2162036575","https://openalex.org/W2166060569","https://openalex.org/W2184629629","https://openalex.org/W2479210408","https://openalex.org/W2546340494","https://openalex.org/W2798291500","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3148499377","https://openalex.org/W4236161336","https://openalex.org/W4251881400","https://openalex.org/W4255370038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381953457","https://openalex.org/W2037557144","https://openalex.org/W2285739514","https://openalex.org/W2579089916","https://openalex.org/W2058088690","https://openalex.org/W2052143774","https://openalex.org/W2158185825","https://openalex.org/W4308297792","https://openalex.org/W2086597735","https://openalex.org/W1984495143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anthropomimetic":[0],"robotics":[1],"differs":[2],"from":[3],"conventional":[4],"approaches":[5],"by":[6,73],"capitalizing":[7],"on":[8],"the":[9,12,16,60,93,106,109,116,139],"replication":[10],"of":[11,15,31,36,108,131],"inner":[13],"structures":[14],"human":[17,135],"body,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"muscles,":[21],"tendons,":[22],"bones,":[23],"and":[24,58,79,83,134],"joints.":[25],"Here":[26],"we":[27,98,102,119],"present":[28],"our":[29,129],"results":[30,95],"more":[32,53],"than":[33,55],"three":[34],"years":[35],"research":[37],"in":[38,89,138],"constructing,":[39],"simulating,":[40],"and,":[41],"most":[42],"importantly,":[43],"controlling":[44],"anthropomimetic":[45,110],"robots.":[46],"We":[47],"manufactured":[48],"four":[49],"physical":[50],"torsos,":[51],"each":[52],"complex":[54],"its":[56],"predecessor,":[57],"developed":[59,82],"tools":[61,117],"required":[62],"to":[63,128],"simulate":[64],"their":[65],"behavior.":[66],"Furthermore,":[67],"six":[68],"different":[69],"control":[70,75,137],"approaches,":[71],"inspired":[72],"classical":[74],"theory,":[76],"machine":[77],"learning,":[78],"neuroscience,":[80],"were":[81],"evaluated":[84],"via":[85],"these":[86],"simulations":[87],"or":[88],"small-scale":[90],"setups.":[91],"While":[92],"obtained":[94],"are":[96,99,120],"encouraging,":[97],"aware":[100],"that":[101,122],"have":[103],"barely":[104],"exploited":[105],"potential":[107],"design":[111],"so":[112],"far.":[113],"But,":[114],"with":[115],"developed,":[118],"confident":[121],"this":[123],"novel":[124],"approach":[125],"will":[126],"contribute":[127],"understanding":[130],"morphological":[132],"computation":[133],"motor":[136],"future.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
