{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117179645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106454698568620","title":"Coevolving Predator and Prey Robots: Do \u201cArms Races\u201d Arise in Artificial Evolution?","display_name":"Coevolving Predator and Prey Robots: Do \u201cArms Races\u201d Arise in Artificial Evolution?","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117179645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106454698568620","mag":"2117179645","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10352236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/106454698568620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106454698568620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/63899","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022836666","display_name":"Stefano Nolfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-442X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Nolfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Psychology National Research Council Viale Marx 15 Rome, Italy","Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Viale Marx 15, Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychology National Research Council Viale Marx 15 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Viale Marx 15, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059369445","display_name":"Dario Floreano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-4863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Floreano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Federal Institute of Technology EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland","[Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022836666"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":217,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98656676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"311","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coevolution","display_name":"Coevolution","score":0.9434738755226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6969997882843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-race","display_name":"Arms race","score":0.6324734687805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5760920643806458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antagonistic-coevolution","display_name":"Antagonistic Coevolution","score":0.5337446928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5193465948104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-robotics","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","score":0.504377007484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45297661423683167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4073767066001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3109675347805023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.3084259629249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-selection","display_name":"Sexual selection","score":0.07687738537788391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33009525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208841","display_name":"Coevolution","level":2,"score":0.9434738755226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6969997882843018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989419327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322348","display_name":"Arms race","level":2,"score":0.6324734687805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5760920643806458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150108168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4770895","display_name":"Antagonistic Coevolution","level":4,"score":0.5337446928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5193465948104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199505168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267529","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","level":3,"score":0.504377007484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45297661423683167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4073767066001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3109675347805023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3084259629249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130981225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206913","display_name":"Sexual selection","level":2,"score":0.07687738537788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779157341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992545","display_name":"Sexual conflict","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/106454698568620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106454698568620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10352236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10352236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.504.4023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.504.4023","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/63899/files/nolfi.co-evol.pdf?ln=enversion%3D1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:63899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/63899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:63899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/63899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156074312","https://openalex.org/W191292346","https://openalex.org/W1480675308","https://openalex.org/W1482546558","https://openalex.org/W1485243506","https://openalex.org/W1492895344","https://openalex.org/W1499708035","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1775543025","https://openalex.org/W1848529672","https://openalex.org/W1994030467","https://openalex.org/W2020815519","https://openalex.org/W2026800644","https://openalex.org/W2072245049","https://openalex.org/W2100097207","https://openalex.org/W2125610049","https://openalex.org/W2127197749","https://openalex.org/W2169157770","https://openalex.org/W2543115189","https://openalex.org/W3123139944","https://openalex.org/W4291896414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131262803","https://openalex.org/W4251704891","https://openalex.org/W2125295340","https://openalex.org/W4256434410","https://openalex.org/W2049036897","https://openalex.org/W2087889942","https://openalex.org/W2164779910","https://openalex.org/W2063073260","https://openalex.org/W2067108995","https://openalex.org/W2952919847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coevolution":[0],"(i.e.,":[1],"the":[2,20,60,65,107,134],"evolution":[3],"of":[4,22,24,46,62,67,109,153],"two":[5],"or":[6],"more":[7],"competing":[8,36],"populations":[9,37],"with":[10],"coupled":[11],"fitness)":[12],"has":[13,96],"several":[14],"features":[15],"that":[16,90,115,145],"may":[17,38,146],"potentially":[18],"enhance":[19],"power":[21,100],"adaptation":[23],"artificial":[25,94],"evolution.":[26,103],"In":[27,54,70],"particular,":[28,71],"as":[29],"discussed":[30],"by":[31,48,105],"Dawkins":[32],"and":[33,142],"Krebs":[34],"[3],":[35],"reciprocally":[39],"drive":[40],"one":[41],"another":[42],"to":[43,75,83,125],"increasing":[44],"levels":[45],"complexity":[47],"producing":[49],"an":[50],"evolutionary":[51,68],"\"arms":[52,84],"race.\"":[53],"this":[55],"article":[56],"we":[57,72,87,112],"will":[58,73,88,113],"investigate":[59],"role":[61],"coevolution":[63,80,95],"in":[64,77,91,116],"context":[66],"robotics.":[69],"try":[74],"understand":[76],"what":[78],"conditions":[79],"can":[81],"lead":[82],"races.\"":[85],"Moreover,":[86],"show":[89,114],"some":[92,117],"cases":[93],"a":[97,150],"higher":[98],"adaptive":[99],"than":[101,139],"simple":[102,127],"Finally,":[104],"analyzing":[106],"dynamics":[108],"coevolved":[110],"populations,":[111],"circumstances":[118],"well-adapted":[119],"individuals":[120],"would":[121],"be":[122,147],"better":[123],"advised":[124],"adopt":[126],"but":[128],"easily":[129],"modifiable":[130],"strategies":[131,137,144],"suited":[132],"for":[133],"current":[135],"competitor":[136],"rather":[138],"incorporate":[140],"complex":[141],"general":[143],"effective":[148],"against":[149],"wide":[151],"range":[152],"opposing":[154],"counter-strategies.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
