{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033861738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106365603766646816","title":"Genetic Diversity as an Objective in Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms","display_name":"Genetic Diversity as an Objective in Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033861738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106365603766646816","mag":"2033861738","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12875667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/106365603766646816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106365603766646816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080635264","display_name":"Andrea Toffolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-4530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Toffolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, ITALY","Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 1-35131 Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, ITALY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 1-35131 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041538207","display_name":"Ernesto Benini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-4284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto Benini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, ITALY","Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 1-35131 Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, ITALY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 1-35131 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":230,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98329549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"151","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.6874933242797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5986772775650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5916868448257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5886328220367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.5670382380485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5026600360870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46865028142929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.46070826053619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4409586787223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-representation","display_name":"Genetic representation","score":0.42209097743034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.42004331946372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-algorithm","display_name":"Cultural algorithm","score":0.41373297572135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39639991521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38915950059890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3739050626754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24766674637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-based-incremental-learning","display_name":"Population-based incremental learning","score":0.20702335238456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0743112564086914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6874933242797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5986772775650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5916868448257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5886328220367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5670382380485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5026600360870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46865028142929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.46070826053619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4409586787223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6135463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532920","display_name":"Genetic representation","level":3,"score":0.42209097743034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.42004331946372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5536111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193250","display_name":"Cultural algorithm","level":4,"score":0.41373297572135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39639991521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38915950059890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3739050626754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24766674637794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184497298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229773","display_name":"Population-based incremental learning","level":3,"score":0.20702335238456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0743112564086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/106365603766646816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/106365603766646816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38677346","display_name":"Evolutionary Computation","issn_l":"1063-6560","issn":["1063-6560","1530-9304"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12875667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12875667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolutionary computation","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/1332563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/1332563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203272431","https://openalex.org/W206440355","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1553373771","https://openalex.org/W1559956479","https://openalex.org/W1573534773","https://openalex.org/W1585335425","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1607104331","https://openalex.org/W1612556207","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1905847227","https://openalex.org/W1992454620","https://openalex.org/W2012041274","https://openalex.org/W2029142282","https://openalex.org/W2061589500","https://openalex.org/W2089287823","https://openalex.org/W2102248717","https://openalex.org/W2106334424","https://openalex.org/W2112203449","https://openalex.org/W2116661285","https://openalex.org/W2125502051","https://openalex.org/W2125899728","https://openalex.org/W2126926002","https://openalex.org/W2140066605","https://openalex.org/W2144636407","https://openalex.org/W2152551290","https://openalex.org/W2156937545","https://openalex.org/W2261054240","https://openalex.org/W2486609979","https://openalex.org/W2904250082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1852966908","https://openalex.org/W1573147006","https://openalex.org/W2528958959","https://openalex.org/W4297582752","https://openalex.org/W4285805405","https://openalex.org/W2593449396","https://openalex.org/W967048754","https://openalex.org/W1828590551","https://openalex.org/W1978520222","https://openalex.org/W2662297521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"key":[1],"feature":[2],"of":[3,21,43,62,69,104,114],"an":[4],"efficient":[5],"and":[6,66,91],"reliable":[7],"multi-objective":[8,78],"evolutionary":[9,79],"algorithm":[10],"is":[11,116],"the":[12,32,60,67,70,81,112],"ability":[13],"to":[14],"maintain":[15],"genetic":[16,44],"diversity":[17,45],"within":[18],"a":[19,28,40,47,55,76,101],"population":[20],"solutions.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,93],"present":[27],"new":[29,77],"diversity-preserving":[30],"mechanism,":[31],"Genetic":[33,82],"Diversity":[34,83],"Evaluation":[35],"Method":[36],"(GeDEM),":[37],"which":[38],"considers":[39],"distance-based":[41],"measure":[42],"as":[46],"real":[48],"objective":[49],"in":[50],"fitness":[51],"assignment.":[52],"This":[53],"provides":[54],"dual":[56],"selection":[57],"pressure":[58],"towards":[59],"exploitation":[61],"current":[63],"non-dominated":[64],"solutions":[65],"exploration":[68],"search":[71],"space.":[72],"We":[73],"also":[74],"introduce":[75],"algorithm,":[80],"Evolutionary":[84],"Algorithm":[85],"(GDEA),":[86],"strictly":[87],"designed":[88],"around":[89],"GeDEM":[90],"then":[92],"compare":[94],"it":[95],"with":[96],"other":[97],"state-of-the-art":[98],"algorithms":[99],"on":[100],"well-established":[102],"suite":[103],"test":[105],"problems.":[106],"Experimental":[107],"results":[108],"clearly":[109],"indicate":[110],"that":[111],"performance":[113],"GDEA":[115],"top-level.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
