{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014442018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474699566512","title":"Virtual Locomotion: Walking in Place through Virtual Environments","display_name":"Virtual Locomotion: Walking in Place through Virtual Environments","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014442018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474699566512","mag":"2014442018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474699566512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474699566512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112273504","display_name":"James N. Templeman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James N. Templeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Code 5513, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5337,","Code 5513, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5337, templeman@itd.nrl.navy.mil#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Code 5513, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5337,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Code 5513, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5337, templeman@itd.nrl.navy.mil#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042983048","display_name":"Patricia S. Denbrook","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087769","display_name":"Software AG (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/003jrsn97","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087769"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia S. Denbrook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Software Developer","Independent Software Developer#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Software Developer","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Software Developer#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085827932","display_name":"Linda E. Sibert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda E. Sibert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory","Naval Research laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":271,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92157895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"598","last_page":"617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6535683870315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.6299344301223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6270542144775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5596942901611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5534708499908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5522301197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.5126387476921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4458511471748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadence","display_name":"Cadence","score":0.4409737288951874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.38570836186408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3080534338951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30469387769699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19867989420890808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6535683870315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.6299344301223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6270542144775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5596942901611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5534708499908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5522301197052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5126387476921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4458511471748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777125575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14088448","display_name":"Cadence","level":2,"score":0.4409737288951874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38570836186408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3080534338951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30469387769699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19867989420890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474699566512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474699566512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100399094","https://openalex.org/W260936434","https://openalex.org/W263593977","https://openalex.org/W1589951891","https://openalex.org/W1662443053","https://openalex.org/W1710810484","https://openalex.org/W1993429651","https://openalex.org/W1998682457","https://openalex.org/W2031144777","https://openalex.org/W2117733025","https://openalex.org/W2127744007","https://openalex.org/W2134137724","https://openalex.org/W2154619649","https://openalex.org/W2156905951","https://openalex.org/W2158085556","https://openalex.org/W2159990547","https://openalex.org/W2165714401","https://openalex.org/W2412359589","https://openalex.org/W2538123074","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289538008","https://openalex.org/W3186427148","https://openalex.org/W2138282914","https://openalex.org/W2065850627","https://openalex.org/W2017012638","https://openalex.org/W2071885361","https://openalex.org/W1964447062","https://openalex.org/W2088265144","https://openalex.org/W1978219043","https://openalex.org/W2386641302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,114],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"both":[3,251],"an":[4,101],"analysis":[5,111,115],"of":[6,89,147,174,184,211,238,253],"requirements":[7],"for":[8,99,122],"user":[9,30,163,216],"control":[10,17,59,78,131,205],"over":[11],"simulated":[12],"locomotion":[13,126,192],"and":[14,60,69,80,153,182,204,209,223,247],"a":[15,39,118,123,148,159,167,197,231],"new":[16,103,120,130],"technique":[18],"designed":[19],"to":[20,27,31,43,66,71,87,117,134,165,193,199,236],"meet":[21],"these":[22],"requirements.":[23],"The":[24,129,145,215,241],"goal":[25],"is":[26,97,112,151,156,228],"allow":[28],"the":[29,46,55,61,75,92,110,162,172,175,179,206],"move":[32],"through":[33,45,138,187],"virtual":[34,125,139,168,188,191,213],"environments":[35,140],"in":[36,91,143,201,221,230],"as":[37,41,158],"similar":[38,235],"manner":[40],"possible":[42],"walking":[44,155],"real":[47,93],"world.":[48],"We":[49],"approach":[50],"this":[51],"problem":[52],"by":[53,141],"examining":[54],"interrelationships":[56],"between":[57,77,245],"motion":[58,195],"other":[62],"actions":[63,79,90],"people":[64],"use":[65],"act,":[67],"sense,":[68],"react":[70],"their":[72,136,185],"environment.":[73],"If":[74],"interactions":[76],"sensory":[81],"feedback":[82],"can":[83,217,243,255],"be":[84,256],"made":[85],"comparable":[86],"those":[88],"world,":[94],"then":[95],"there":[96],"hope":[98],"constructing":[100],"effective":[102],"technique.":[104],"Candidate":[105],"solutions":[106],"are":[107],"reviewed":[108],"once":[109],"developed.":[113],"leads":[116],"promising":[119],"design":[121],"sensor-based":[124],"called":[127],"Gaiter.":[128],"allows":[132,196],"users":[133],"direct":[135],"movement":[137,146,173,186],"stepping":[142],"place.":[144],"person's":[149],"legs":[150,177],"sensed,":[152],"in-place":[154],"treated":[157],"gesture":[160],"indicating":[161],"intends":[164],"take":[166],"step.":[169],"More":[170],"specifically,":[171],"user's":[176],"determines":[178],"direction,":[180],"extent,":[181],"timing":[183],"environments.":[189],"Tying":[190],"leg":[194],"person":[198],"step":[200],"any":[202],"direction":[203],"stride":[207],"length":[208],"cadence":[210],"his":[212],"steps.":[214],"walk":[218],"straight,":[219],"turn":[220,224],"place,":[222],"while":[225],"advancing.":[226],"Motion":[227],"expressed":[229],"body-centric":[232],"coordinate":[233],"system":[234,242],"that":[237],"actual":[239,248],"stepping.":[240],"discriminate":[244],"gestural":[246],"steps,":[249],"so":[250],"types":[252],"steps":[254],"intermixed.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
