{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109037616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746041944858","title":"Examining Virtual Busts: Are Photogrammetrically Generated Head Models Effective for Person Identification?","display_name":"Examining Virtual Busts: Are Photogrammetrically Generated Head Models Effective for Person Identification?","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109037616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746041944858","mag":"2109037616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/1054746041944858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746041944858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084294553","display_name":"Jeremy N. Bailenson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2813-3297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy N. Bailenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Human Interaction Lab, Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2050,","Virtual Human Interaction Lab Department of Communication Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2050, bailenson@stanford.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Human Interaction Lab, Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2050,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Human Interaction Lab Department of Communication Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2050, bailenson@stanford.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091569002","display_name":"Andrew C. Beall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Beall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106,","Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, beall@psych.ucsb.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, beall@psych.ucsb.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069494411","display_name":"Jim Blascovich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Blascovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106,","Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, blascovich@psych.ucsb.edu#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, blascovich@psych.ucsb.edu#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102145691","display_name":"Christopher Rex","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Rex","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106,","Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, crex@uic.edu#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Virtual, Environments and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, crex@uic.edu#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084294553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79681477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"416","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7193337678909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-actor","display_name":"Virtual actor","score":0.6522492170333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6180105209350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5619511604309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.5494704246520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5165749788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49533501267433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4076366722583771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3206731677055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14289215207099915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7193337678909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150303390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983852","display_name":"Virtual actor","level":3,"score":0.6522492170333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6180105209350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5619511604309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.5494704246520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5165749788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49533501267433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4076366722583771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3206731677055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14289215207099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/1054746041944858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/1054746041944858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W568921399","https://openalex.org/W1519522181","https://openalex.org/W1527806475","https://openalex.org/W1595701647","https://openalex.org/W1972692507","https://openalex.org/W1987966258","https://openalex.org/W1990717412","https://openalex.org/W2009018281","https://openalex.org/W2018956847","https://openalex.org/W2035962265","https://openalex.org/W2046002001","https://openalex.org/W2091711825","https://openalex.org/W2092047815","https://openalex.org/W2100866252","https://openalex.org/W2106763960","https://openalex.org/W2113745394","https://openalex.org/W2161834110","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2932813537","https://openalex.org/W4245377320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381850946","https://openalex.org/W4380449851","https://openalex.org/W3125091513","https://openalex.org/W4318832338","https://openalex.org/W1919390113","https://openalex.org/W4248383205","https://openalex.org/W4234745530","https://openalex.org/W2146383839","https://openalex.org/W4297153906","https://openalex.org/W3104124721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,37,60,89],"examined":[1],"the":[2,52,56,63,85,95,107,119,123,131],"effectiveness":[3],"of":[4,10,24,31,49,51,65,70,109,112,121,125,133,136],"using":[5,68,84],"3D,":[6],"visual,":[7],"digital":[8,134],"representations":[9],"human":[11,32,137],"heads":[12],"and":[13,46,103],"faces":[14,33],"(i.e.,":[15],"virtual":[16,40,53,71,113],"busts)":[17],"for":[18,93,129],"person":[19,66],"identification.":[20],"In":[21],"a":[22,29,91,110,126],"series":[23],"11":[25],"studies,":[26],"participants":[27],"learned":[28],"number":[30],"from":[34,42],"analog":[35,44,58,87,116],"photographs.":[36,59,88],"then":[38],"crafted":[39],"busts":[41,54,72,114],"those":[43],"photographs,":[45,117],"compared":[47],"recognition":[48],"photographs":[50,69],"to":[55,115],"original":[57,86],"demonstrated":[61],"that":[62],"accuracy":[64],"identification":[67],"is":[73],"high":[74,82],"in":[75,101,106],"an":[76],"absolute":[77],"sense,":[78],"but":[79],"not":[80],"as":[81,83],"present":[90],"paradigm":[92],"comparing":[94],"similarity,":[96],"both":[97],"structural":[98],"(objectively":[99],"similar":[100],"shape)":[102],"subjective":[104],"(subjectively":[105],"eyes":[108],"viewer)":[111],"with":[118],"goal":[120],"beginning":[122],"discussion":[124],"uniform":[127],"standard":[128],"assessing":[130],"fidelity":[132],"models":[135],"faces.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
