{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075502898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603765879549","title":"Fidelity Metrics for Virtual Environment Simulations Based on Spatial Memory Awareness States","display_name":"Fidelity Metrics for Virtual Environment Simulations Based on Spatial Memory Awareness States","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075502898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603765879549","mag":"2075502898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474603765879549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603765879549","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/12/3/296/1623885/105474603765879549.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/12/3/296/1623885/105474603765879549.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058779011","display_name":"Katerina Mania","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katerina Mania","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and, Information Technology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QT, United Kingdom,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and, Information Technology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QT, United Kingdom,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108092308","display_name":"Tom Tro\u015bcianko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Troscianko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080267867","display_name":"Rycharde Hawkes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156325","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g4mtv59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rycharde Hawkes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Laboratories, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Laboratories, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082873538","display_name":"Alan Chalmers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-1500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Chalmers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7953,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95702006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"296","last_page":"310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.7607876062393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.6869025230407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6808485388755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5791942477226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.566056489944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.49903130531311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.47309592366218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4723466634750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.4653072953224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4367653727531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4306710660457611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.42268800735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4214276671409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-actor","display_name":"Virtual actor","score":0.4129115641117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07572093605995178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.7607876062393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.6869025230407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6808485388755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5791942477226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.566056489944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.49903130531311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.47309592366218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4723466634750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.4653072953224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4367653727531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4306710660457611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42268800735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4214276671409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150303390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983852","display_name":"Virtual actor","level":3,"score":0.4129115641117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07572093605995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474603765879549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603765879549","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/12/3/296/1623885/105474603765879549.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23312243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Fidelity_metrics_for_virtual_environment_simulations_based_on_spatial_memory_awareness_states/23312243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474603765879549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603765879549","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/12/3/296/1623885/105474603765879549.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075502898.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075502898.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168340304","https://openalex.org/W185417778","https://openalex.org/W582069854","https://openalex.org/W1503128817","https://openalex.org/W1538841701","https://openalex.org/W1706881574","https://openalex.org/W1812382079","https://openalex.org/W1884577175","https://openalex.org/W1987456997","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W1998218796","https://openalex.org/W2040053317","https://openalex.org/W2048170450","https://openalex.org/W2048259818","https://openalex.org/W2062546554","https://openalex.org/W2078047435","https://openalex.org/W2085606580","https://openalex.org/W2090749259","https://openalex.org/W2108170618","https://openalex.org/W2118914641","https://openalex.org/W2130325447","https://openalex.org/W2135884722","https://openalex.org/W2153159602","https://openalex.org/W2156885885","https://openalex.org/W2171057921","https://openalex.org/W2970069322","https://openalex.org/W4240920657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W590788508","https://openalex.org/W4235873430","https://openalex.org/W2611974471","https://openalex.org/W4313233093","https://openalex.org/W2358082531","https://openalex.org/W2589976903","https://openalex.org/W2335596023","https://openalex.org/W2026719400","https://openalex.org/W2374273535","https://openalex.org/W4225892616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,19,46,55,106,109,193,237],"methodology":[4],"based":[5],"on":[6,54,203,211],"human":[7,40,221],"judgments":[8,219],"of":[9,18,42,93,96,120,129,146,177,186,199,220,240],"memory":[10,79,194,222,224],"awareness":[11,44,97,148,188,225],"states":[12,98,149,189],"for":[13],"assessing":[14],"the":[15,32,71,114,118,127,130,144,187,230,241],"simulation":[16,176,185,242],"fidelity":[17,238],"virtual":[20],"environment":[21],"(VE)":[22],"in":[23,101,143,153,229,243],"relation":[24],"to":[25,70,113,159,184,217],"its":[26],"real":[27],"scene":[28],"counterpart.":[29],"To":[30],"demonstrate":[31],"distinction":[33],"between":[34],"task":[35,73,156,178],"performance-based":[36],"approaches":[37],"and":[38,64,105,132,227,232],"additional":[39],"evaluation":[41],"cognitive":[43],"states,":[45,226],"photorealistic":[47],"VE":[48,233],"was":[49],"created.":[50],"Resulting":[51],"scenes":[52],"displayed":[53],"head-mounted":[56],"display":[57],"(HMD)":[58],"with":[59,171],"or":[60],"without":[61],"head":[62,166],"tracking":[63,167],"desktop":[65],"monitor":[66],"were":[67,168],"then":[68],"compared":[69],"real-world":[72],"situation":[74],"they":[75,85],"represented,":[76],"investigating":[77],"spatial":[78,88],"after":[80,99,111],"exposure.":[81],"Participants":[82],"described":[83],"how":[84,204],"completed":[86],"their":[87],"recollections":[89],"by":[90],"selecting":[91],"one":[92],"four":[94],"choices":[95],"retrieval":[100],"an":[102],"initial":[103],"test":[104,108],"retention":[107],"week":[110],"exposure":[112],"environment.":[115],"These":[116],"reflected":[117],"level":[119],"visual":[121],"mental":[122],"imagery":[123],"involved":[124,190],"during":[125],"retrieval,":[126],"familiarity":[128],"recollection":[131],"also":[133],"included":[134],"guesses,":[135],"even":[136],"if":[137],"informed.":[138],"Experimental":[139,162],"results":[140],"revealed":[141],"variations":[142],"distribution":[145],"participants'":[147],"across":[150],"conditions":[151,163],"while,":[152],"certain":[154],"cases,":[155],"performance":[157,179],"failed":[158],"reveal":[160],"any.":[161],"that":[164],"incorporated":[165],"not":[169,181],"associated":[170],"visually":[172],"induced":[173],"recollections.":[174],"Generally,":[175],"does":[180],"necessarily":[182],"lead":[183],"when":[191],"completing":[192],"task.":[195],"The":[196,215],"general":[197],"premise":[198],"this":[200],"research":[201],"focuses":[202],"tasks":[205],"are":[206,234],"achieved,":[207],"rather":[208],"than":[209],"only":[210],"what":[212],"is":[213],"achieved.":[214],"extent":[216],"which":[218],"recall,":[223],"presence":[228],"physical":[231],"similar":[235],"provides":[236],"metric":[239],"question.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
