{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129042894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835332","title":"Distributed Applications for Collaborative Three-Dimensional Workspaces","display_name":"Distributed Applications for Collaborative Three-Dimensional Workspaces","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129042894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835332","mag":"2129042894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474603763835332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048047909","display_name":"Dieter Schmalstieg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2813-2235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343190059","display_name":"VRVis GmbH (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyxvc90","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343190059"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Schmalstieg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, Gerd Hesina, VRVis Research Center, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, Gerd Hesina, VRVis Research Center, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343190059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028328207","display_name":"Gerhard Reitmayr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343190059","display_name":"VRVis GmbH (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyxvc90","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343190059"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Reitmayr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, Gerd Hesina, VRVis Research Center, Vienna, Austria,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, Gerd Hesina, VRVis Research Center, Vienna, Austria,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343190059"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013332310","display_name":"Gerd Hesina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343190059","display_name":"VRVis GmbH (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xyxvc90","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343190059"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerd Hesina","raw_affiliation_strings":["VRVis Research Center Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VRVis Research Center Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343190059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048047909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343190059"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90481172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"52","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workspace","display_name":"Workspace","score":0.8542113304138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8497877717018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scene-graph","display_name":"Scene graph","score":0.6656826734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.636830747127533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5932624936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workgroup","display_name":"Workgroup","score":0.5381819009780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.47479715943336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.43393343687057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.27569055557250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.24563369154930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19357293844223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1471697986125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.14196473360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.10851866006851196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58581272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12741163","display_name":"Workspace","level":3,"score":0.8542113304138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8497877717018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179372163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406181","display_name":"Scene graph","level":3,"score":0.6656826734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.636830747127533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5932624936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95423123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622178","display_name":"Workgroup","level":2,"score":0.5381819009780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.47479715943336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43393343687057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27569055557250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.24563369154930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19357293844223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1471697986125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.14196473360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.10851866006851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474603763835332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1006.3552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1006.3552","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://data.icg.tugraz.at/%7Edieter/publications/Schmalstieg_061.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.12.2955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.12.2955","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ims.tuwien.ac.at/media/documents/publications/migration_presence.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.2324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.2324","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ims.tuwien.ac.at/media/documents/publications/distributed_applications.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102421726","https://openalex.org/W196134944","https://openalex.org/W1539259921","https://openalex.org/W1600271277","https://openalex.org/W1783926085","https://openalex.org/W1975207314","https://openalex.org/W1978022628","https://openalex.org/W1980301346","https://openalex.org/W1984719004","https://openalex.org/W1988730997","https://openalex.org/W1989952968","https://openalex.org/W1992913308","https://openalex.org/W1993328048","https://openalex.org/W1993407539","https://openalex.org/W1995760065","https://openalex.org/W1996737724","https://openalex.org/W1997556709","https://openalex.org/W2003870558","https://openalex.org/W2007056957","https://openalex.org/W2007331479","https://openalex.org/W2011842566","https://openalex.org/W2013608024","https://openalex.org/W2022214103","https://openalex.org/W2023331673","https://openalex.org/W2028544741","https://openalex.org/W2032580974","https://openalex.org/W2053494311","https://openalex.org/W2074853108","https://openalex.org/W2090613284","https://openalex.org/W2092493253","https://openalex.org/W2095344617","https://openalex.org/W2102657262","https://openalex.org/W2102685770","https://openalex.org/W2108715885","https://openalex.org/W2114261446","https://openalex.org/W2134033596","https://openalex.org/W2139085541","https://openalex.org/W2140471248","https://openalex.org/W2148205923","https://openalex.org/W2153163326","https://openalex.org/W2167648906","https://openalex.org/W2237155658","https://openalex.org/W2286416456","https://openalex.org/W2293405979","https://openalex.org/W2477090358","https://openalex.org/W2538444898","https://openalex.org/W2798800826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W624647371","https://openalex.org/W2168235705","https://openalex.org/W3149960746","https://openalex.org/W3130903168","https://openalex.org/W4281392303","https://openalex.org/W2096268347","https://openalex.org/W2156026376","https://openalex.org/W385597202","https://openalex.org/W2392746182","https://openalex.org/W4387129494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,66,142],"the":[4,8,74,99,115,119,131,167],"distributed":[5,68,120],"architecture":[6],"of":[7,51,86,93,126,152,162,169],"collaborative":[9],"threedimensional":[10],"user":[11],"interface":[12],"management":[13,139,172],"system,":[14],"Studierstube.":[15],"The":[16,61,91],"system":[17,62,96],"allows":[18],"multiple":[19,29],"users":[20],"to":[21,104],"experience":[22],"a":[23,67,84,149,160],"shared":[24,69,121],"3D":[25],"workspace":[26],"populated":[27],"by":[28,108],"applications":[30,52],"using":[31],"see-through":[32],"head-mounted":[33],"displays":[34],"or":[35,46],"other":[36],"presentation":[37],"media":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40,112],"projection":[41],"systems.":[42],"Building":[43],"large,":[44],"ubiquitous,":[45],"mobile":[47],"workspaces":[48,164],"requires":[49],"distribution":[50,80],"over":[53],"several":[54],"hosts":[55,147],"in":[56,98,114],"varying":[57],"and":[58,81,88,130,148],"dynamic":[59,155],"configurations.":[60],"design":[63],"is":[64,102,135,140],"based":[65,141],"scene":[70,100,116,122,127],"graph":[71,101,123,128],"that":[72,82,165],"alleviates":[73],"application":[75,89,110,133,143],"programmer":[76],"from":[77],"explicitly":[78],"considering":[79],"avoids":[83],"separation":[85],"graphical":[87],"data.":[90],"idea":[92],"unifying":[94],"all":[95],"data":[97],"taken":[103],"its":[105],"logical":[106],"consequence":[107],"implementing":[109],"instances":[111],"nodes":[113,134],"graph.":[117],"Through":[118],"mechanism,":[124],"consistency":[125],"replicas":[129],"contained":[132],"assured.":[136],"Dynamic":[137],"configuration":[138,171],"migration":[144],"between":[145],"participating":[146],"spatial":[150],"model":[151],"locales":[153],"allowing":[154],"workgroup":[156],"management.":[157],"We":[158],"describe":[159],"number":[161],"experimental":[163],"demonstrate":[166],"use":[168],"these":[170],"techniques.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
