{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990580427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835314","title":"DIVERSE: A Framework for Building Extensible and Reconfigurable Device-Independent Virtual Environments and Distributed Asynchronous Simulations","display_name":"DIVERSE: A Framework for Building Extensible and Reconfigurable Device-Independent Virtual Environments and Distributed Asynchronous Simulations","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990580427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835314","mag":"1990580427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474603763835314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835314","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/12/1/19/1624083/105474603763835314.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/12/1/19/1624083/105474603763835314.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105784124","display_name":"John T. Kelso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Kelso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079689905","display_name":"Steven G. Satterfield","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven G. Satterfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology Scientific Applications and Visualization Group, Gaithersburg, MD USA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology Scientific Applications and Visualization Group, Gaithersburg, MD USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062168490","display_name":"Lance Arsenault","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lance E. Arsenault","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073420338","display_name":"Peter M. Ketchan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter M. Ketchan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and, Technology, Scientific Applications and, Visualization Group,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and, Technology, Scientific Applications and, Visualization Group,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108458122","display_name":"Ronald D. Kriz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald D. Kriz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Tech,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Tech,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105784124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4769,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93518114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8239452838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.644481897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.570174515247345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5516135692596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5216629505157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workstation","display_name":"Workstation","score":0.4806705415248871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.47105976939201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-programming-interface","display_name":"Application programming interface","score":0.4410712718963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.42219310998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opengl","display_name":"OpenGL","score":0.41671693325042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3572411835193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3460655212402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.342001736164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.20273911952972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12412148714065552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8239452838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.644481897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.570174515247345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5516135692596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5216629505157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67953723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192525","display_name":"Workstation","level":2,"score":0.4806705415248871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.47105976939201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99613125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194","display_name":"Application programming interface","level":2,"score":0.4410712718963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.42219310998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778305236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178570","display_name":"OpenGL","level":3,"score":0.41671693325042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3572411835193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3460655212402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.342001736164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.20273911952972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12412148714065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474603763835314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835314","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/12/1/19/1624083/105474603763835314.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/25505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474603763835314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603763835314","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/12/1/19/1624083/105474603763835314.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1990580427.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1990580427.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10145181","https://openalex.org/W178308785","https://openalex.org/W1534970724","https://openalex.org/W1594914555","https://openalex.org/W1600271277","https://openalex.org/W2103675281","https://openalex.org/W2110248466","https://openalex.org/W2130963996","https://openalex.org/W2139354872","https://openalex.org/W2147845048","https://openalex.org/W2149172376","https://openalex.org/W2150014563","https://openalex.org/W2151256438","https://openalex.org/W2164839094","https://openalex.org/W2465771390","https://openalex.org/W2538444898","https://openalex.org/W2911793692","https://openalex.org/W2982246412","https://openalex.org/W4242303463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347732685","https://openalex.org/W2364238223","https://openalex.org/W2354911658","https://openalex.org/W2365673635","https://openalex.org/W2045348955","https://openalex.org/W2357147685","https://openalex.org/W2366768441","https://openalex.org/W2347865477","https://openalex.org/W2392609206","https://openalex.org/W2355664274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,121],"present":[1,129],"DIVERSE,":[2,82],"a":[3,95,108,130],"highly":[4],"modular":[5],"collection":[6],"of":[7,16,81,98,100,126,133],"complimentary":[8],"software":[9,96],"packages":[10],"designed":[11],"to":[12,45,68,139],"facilitate":[13],"the":[14,41,51,78,124],"creation":[15],"device-independent":[17],"virtual":[18],"environments":[19],"and":[20,33,90,117,128],"distributed":[21],"asynchronous":[22],"simulations.":[23],"DIVERSE":[24,42,73,127],"is":[25,40,136],"free/open":[26],"source":[27],"software,":[28],"containing":[29],"both":[30],"end-user":[31],"programs":[32],"C++":[34],"application":[35],"programming":[36],"interfaces":[37],"(APIs).":[38],"DPF":[39,52],"graphics":[43],"interface":[44],"OpenGL":[46],"Performer.":[47],"A":[48],"program":[49],"using":[50],"API":[53],"can":[54],"run":[55],"without":[56],"modification":[57],"on":[58],"platforms":[59],"ranging":[60],"from":[61],"fully":[62],"immersive":[63],"systems":[64],"such":[65,83],"as":[66,84],"CAVEs":[67],"generic":[69],"desktop":[70],"workstations.":[71],"The":[72],"toolkit":[74],"(DTK)":[75],"contains":[76],"all":[77],"nongraphical":[79],"components":[80],"networking":[85],"utilities,":[86],"hardware":[87,113,119],"device":[88],"access,":[89],"navigational":[91],"techniques.":[92],"It":[93,105],"introduces":[94,107],"implementation":[97],"networks":[99],"replicated":[101],"noncoherent":[102],"shared":[103],"memory.":[104],"also":[106],"method":[109],"that":[110],"seamlessly":[111],"extends":[112],"drivers":[114],"into":[115],"interprocess":[116],"Internet":[118],"services.":[120],"will":[122],"describe":[123],"design":[125],"specific":[131],"example":[132],"how":[134],"it":[135],"being":[137],"used":[138],"aid":[140],"researchers.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}