{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154502005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343612","title":"A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory","display_name":"A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154502005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343612","mag":"2154502005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474601300343612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343612","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/10/3/282/1623678/105474601300343612.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/10/3/282/1623678/105474601300343612.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082801729","display_name":"Jane Lessiter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55521800","display_name":"Goldsmiths University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/01khx4a30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jane Lessiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross, London SE14 6NW United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross, London SE14 6NW United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068789913","display_name":"Jonathan Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55521800","display_name":"Goldsmiths University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/01khx4a30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross, London SE14 6NW United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross, London SE14 6NW United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035623045","display_name":"Edmund Keogh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-3699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55521800","display_name":"Goldsmiths University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/01khx4a30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmund Keogh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross, London SE14 6NW United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross, London SE14 6NW United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019675438","display_name":"Jules Davidoff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55521800","display_name":"Goldsmiths University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/01khx4a30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jules Davidoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross, London SE14 6NW United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross, London SE14 6NW United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55521800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068789913","https://openalex.org/A5082801729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55521800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.3236,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1183,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98749479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"282","last_page":"297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confirmatory-factor-analysis","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","score":0.6263105869293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6059406995773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.46945661306381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factoring","display_name":"Factoring","score":0.46807751059532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-factor-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","score":0.4489063322544098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4268779754638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41865283250808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.3020815849304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"Psychometrics","score":0.27884000539779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.12774533033370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11388999223709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.1102195680141449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.6263105869293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6059406995773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.46945661306381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177225278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192674","display_name":"Factoring","level":2,"score":0.46807751059532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4489063322544098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4268779754638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41865283250808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.3020815849304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.27884000539779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.12774533033370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11388999223709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.1102195680141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474601300343612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343612","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/10/3/282/1623678/105474601300343612.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gold.ac.uk:483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400496","display_name":"Goldsmiths (University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/105474601300343612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343612","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/pvar/article-pdf/10/3/282/1623678/105474601300343612.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311731","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312387","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154502005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154502005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71880246","https://openalex.org/W89503528","https://openalex.org/W104998059","https://openalex.org/W124275677","https://openalex.org/W145882784","https://openalex.org/W164678561","https://openalex.org/W172879226","https://openalex.org/W202177894","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1530381786","https://openalex.org/W1538771962","https://openalex.org/W1548139380","https://openalex.org/W1551717579","https://openalex.org/W1555938369","https://openalex.org/W1561694252","https://openalex.org/W1572954665","https://openalex.org/W1586856071","https://openalex.org/W1964282095","https://openalex.org/W1970881825","https://openalex.org/W1981820253","https://openalex.org/W1987604705","https://openalex.org/W2030516547","https://openalex.org/W2035165142","https://openalex.org/W2037401035","https://openalex.org/W2042122853","https://openalex.org/W2058300759","https://openalex.org/W2083791204","https://openalex.org/W2089184583","https://openalex.org/W2128892972","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2138242322","https://openalex.org/W2147437566","https://openalex.org/W2156885885","https://openalex.org/W2163039781","https://openalex.org/W2176794506","https://openalex.org/W2178182204","https://openalex.org/W4239069812","https://openalex.org/W4240273589","https://openalex.org/W4245765347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285213959","https://openalex.org/W126662069","https://openalex.org/W2904003081","https://openalex.org/W1965085721","https://openalex.org/W2110740376","https://openalex.org/W2509729113","https://openalex.org/W2734236000","https://openalex.org/W2243985845","https://openalex.org/W2363289403","https://openalex.org/W2385721021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32],"presence":[1,12,56],"research":[2,51],"community":[3],"would":[4],"benefit":[5],"from":[6,17],"a":[7,24,39,88,171,176,185],"reliable":[8,141],"and":[9,23,57,92,110,117,142,152],"valid":[10],"cross-media":[11],"measure":[13,43,181],"that":[14,137,188],"allows":[15],"results":[16],"different":[18],"laboratories":[19],"to":[20,29,71,154,161,180,192],"be":[21,30],"compared":[22],"more":[25,145],"comprehensive":[26],"knowledge":[27],"base":[28],"developed.":[31],"ITC-Sense":[33],"of":[34,55,66,87,90,104,120,148,173,184],"Presence":[35],"Inventory":[36],"(ITC-SOPI)":[37],"is":[38,140,158],"new":[40],"state":[41],"questionnaire":[42],"whose":[44],"development":[45],"has":[46],"been":[47],"informed":[48],"by":[49],"previous":[50],"on":[52,63],"the":[53,80,115,118,121,128,138,165],"determinants":[54],"current":[58],"self-report":[59],"measures.":[60],"It":[61],"focuses":[62],"users'":[64],"experiences":[65],"media,":[67],"with":[68,85,124,178],"no":[69],"reference":[70],"objective":[72],"system":[73],"parameters.":[74],"More":[75],"than":[76],"600":[77],"people":[78],"completed":[79],"ITC-SOPI":[81,139,166],"following":[82],"an":[83],"experience":[84,187],"one":[86],"range":[89,172],"noninteractive":[91],"interactive":[93,155],"media.":[94],"Exploratory":[95],"analysis":[96],"(principal":[97],"axis":[98],"factoring)":[99],"revealed":[100],"four":[101,182],"factors:":[102],"Sense":[103],"Physical":[105],"Space,":[106],"Engagement,":[107],"Ecological":[108],"Validity,":[109],"Negative":[111],"Effects.":[112],"Relations":[113],"between":[114],"factors":[116],"consistency":[119],"factor":[122],"structure":[123],"others":[125],"reported":[126],"in":[127],"literature":[129],"are":[130,189],"discussed.":[131],"Preliminary":[132],"analyses":[133],"described":[134],"here":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"valid,":[143],"but":[144],"rigorous":[146],"testing":[147],"its":[149],"psychometric":[150],"properties":[151],"applicability":[153],"virtual":[156],"environments":[157],"required.":[159],"Subject":[160],"satisfactory":[162],"confirmatory":[163],"analyses,":[164],"will":[167],"offer":[168],"researchers":[169],"using":[170],"media":[174,186],"systems":[175],"tool":[177],"which":[179],"facets":[183],"putatively":[190],"related":[191],"presence.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":47}],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T08:36:08.643496","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
